Ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuprinta kunye nokupapasha incwadi, ndiyavuyisana nawe! Yikholwe okanye ungakholelwa, ukubhala incwadi yindlela yokuvula umbono wakho kwaye, nokuba ufundiwe okanye awufundwanga, nokuba uyaphumelela okanye awuphumelelanga, sele kufuneka uzingce ngokwenza kwakho. Kodwa, xa upapasha kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba zithini iinxalenye zencwadi, zombini zangaphandle nangaphakathi.
Kwaye kulapho sifuna ukukunceda. Emva koko siza kuthetha malunga nokuba Iinxalenye zencwadi, bobabini abaziwayo nabangaziwayo. Unomdla? Ziphose kuyo.
Index
Incwadi kunye namalungu ayo
Nabani na, incwadi ineqweqwe apho ikhava iphambili kunye nomva ingaphakathi nangaphakathi, apho likhoyo ibali. Kodwa akukho nto ingako ayaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, le asethi yenkcubeko inokuqondwa okuncinci namhlanje (kunye nokusetyenziswa) eneneni yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi encwadi, kwaye nganye kuzo inemisebenzi ethile, enceda umfundi ukuba abe namava amnandi, iimvakalelo ...
Ukubazi bonke akukho nzima. Kwaye awunyanzelekanga ukuba ube ngumhleli okanye uyilo ukuze ube nomdla kubo. Yindlela yokuxabisa yonke into eyinxalenye yento. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba inantoni na?
Iindidi zamacandelo encwadi
Siqala ngokukuxelela ukuba incwadi inokwahlulahlulwa kubini: eyangaphandle neyangaphakathi.
Icandelo langaphandle lelo libandakanya umphambili, umqolo kunye nesembozo sangasemva, kodwa enyanisweni kuninzi okungakumbi okungaziwayo. Kwinxalenye yayo, icandelo langaphakathi lelo libandakanya amaphepha apho kubaliswa khona ibali. Kwaye okwangoku, kukho iodolo kunye neenxalenye ezibalulekileyo.
Inxalenye engaphandle yencwadi
La Inxalenye engaphandle yencwadi namhlanje yenziwe yenziwa lula "kwisembozo" esilula. Kodwa zininzi izinto eziyinxalenye yayo. Zezi:
Ibhatyi yothuli
Imalunga nesembozo esigubungela incwadi ngokupheleleyo ukukhusela esinye isiciko. Ngamanye amagama, kunjalo ezinye iincwadi zizisa (ubukhulu becala amaqweqwe alukhuni) ukukhusela ngakumbi incwadi.
Oku kunokufana nekhava eliyikhuselayo, okanye lingahluka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.
Uqweqwe
La ikhava sinokuthi yile nto ngoku iqondwayo kukhuseleko. Liyinxalenye yonke yangaphandle ekhusela ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, sisigqubuthelo esingaphambili, umqolo kunye nesembozo esingasemva.
Kwiphepha elingaphandle isihloko sale ncwadi, umbhali, umpapashi, kunye nesishwankathelo somsebenzi (ngasemva) kunye nekhowudi yomsebenzi ye-ISBN yobhaliso.
Uqweqwe olungasemva
Njengoko ubona, ikhava yangemva ingasemva kwekhava. Ngamanye amagama, yinxalenye apho isishwankathelo esinomtsalane sokuba umfundi eza kufumana ngaphakathi kwincwadi sishiyekile.
Intsingiselo yamatyala
Ngokuqinisekileyo ngoku ngoku ucinga ngaleya nto yokunxiba kwaye ucinga ngento efanayo kwincwadi. Kwaye inyani kukuba awuphosisi, kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo. Umbhinqo yilonto isiqwenga sephepha esihlala sangana isiciko okanye ibhatyi yothuli kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuqaqambisa okuthile malunga nencwadi, umzekelo inombolo yohlelo, iikopi ezithengisiweyo, ukuba leyokuqala kulungelelwaniso lothotho, njl.
Ngokwenyani, ayibalulekanga, kodwa isebenza ngokuhombisa kuphela kwaye ababoni kangako.
Khawuleza
Umqolo, kunye nekhava kunye nekhava yangemva, yintoni eyinxalenye yelungu lonke langaphandle. Yindawo apho babamba onke amaphepha angaphakathi anayo incwadi, kwaye ubungakanani bayo buya kuxhomekeka kwinani lamaphepha elinayo.
Njengakwezinye iindawo zencwadi, apha Ibandakanya isihloko, igama lombhali, umpapashi kwaye, ukuba yinxalenye yengqokelela, igama okanye itywina.
Chukumisa
Okokugqibela, ngaphakathi kweendawo ezingaphandle zencwadi, sine-flap. Sisongelo sangaphakathi esihlala siyinxalenye yebhatyi yothuli ukuyanga nokuyilungisa kwincwadi, equlathe ulwazi malunga nombhali, umpapashi okanye ezinye iincwadi eziyinxalenye yombhali okanye ingqokelela nomshicileli.
Inxalenye engaphakathi yencwadi
Ngoku sinenxalenye yangaphandle eyahlulelwe kwiindawo zayo ezahlukileyo, lixesha lokuba sazi eyangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokungena kwesi sihloko, sifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga naBalindi.
Ezi zininzi Ihlelwe njengezinto zangaphandle, kodwa zingaphakathi. Lawa ngamaphepha ancanyathiselwe kwikhava yangaphakathi ngohlobo lwediphu, ukujoyina ikhava kunye nephepha lokuqala elingaphakathi kwincwadi (amathumbu ayo).
Zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiincwadi ezinoqweqwe oluqinileyo, kwaye umsebenzi wazo kukunika ukungqinelana okungakumbi ngaphakathi ukuze ingalahleki amaphepha ayo. Ingakumbi kuba uninzi lwezi ncwadi umqolo awusebenzi njengesiqhagamshelo kumaphepha angaphakathi, kodwa endaweni yoko ii-caps zokugcina zenza loo msebenzi.
Oko kwathethi, ngoku siza kuthetha ngamalungu angaphakathi encwadi, a:
Amashiti ngoncedo
Ziyi- isibini samagqabi aseleyo, ekuqaleni nasekupheleni, esebenza njenge "intshayelelo" kunye nokhuseleko ukuze yonke enye into ingonakali. Abanye bayalibala ukubashiya kodwa, eneneni, kubalulekile.
Isihloko seBastard
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiphepha lesihloko, eli liphepha elinye ekubhalwe kulo isihloko sencwadi, akukho nto iyenye. Ayisetyenziswanga kakhulu, enyanisweni, bambalwa abayaziyo, kodwa lelona phepha elifanelekileyo lokuba ababhali basayine iincwadi (kwaye ke lowo ngumsebenzi wayo).
Isembozo sangaphakathi
Apha isihloko sencwadi siyaphindwa kunye nombhali kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ileyibhile kunye nomshicileli oyipapashayo. Le yeyona yaziwa kakhulu kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku.
Ikhredithi okanye iphepha lamalungelo
Ibonisa a ulwazi oluthe kratya kwinqanaba lobugcisa njengenombolo yohlelo, unyaka wokupapashwa, ukubhala, ukuguqulelwa, idiphozithi esemthethweni, umshicileli wokuprinta, idatha yomfanekiso esetyenzisiweyo, ukubhalwa kwekhava ...
Ukunikezela
Ngokwesiqhelo yimigca embalwa, apho incwadi ibekelwe umntu omnye okanye uninzi.
Intshayelelo, intshayelelo, intshayelelo
Yiyo izicatshulwa ezithetha ngokubanzi malunga nomxholo webali. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kusetyenziselwa ukuqala umxholo wencwadi, into engalunganga kodwa ibonwa ngakumbi.
Ngapha koko, zombini intshayelelo, intshayelelo kunye nesingeniso zisebenza njengesiqalo sokuba umbhali achaze izizathu zokuba kutheni ethathe isigqibo sokubhala loo ncwadi, okanye eyomnye umntu oza kuthetha ngombhali.
Umzimba wencwadi
Oku kuya kuba yinxalenye ephambili yomsebenzi, apho ingxelo yenzeka khona. Ngaba kuhlala kunjalo Yahlula izahluko okanye izahlulo ukunceda umfundi aligqibe ibali kancinci kancinci (kwaye unqumame).
Uluhlu
Kukhethiweyo, abanye ababhali bayababeka okanye banganiki umnxeba wokugqibela emsebenzini.
Enkosi
Liphepha apho umbhali uthetha nomfundi kwaye apho aphawula ngomsebenzi wakhe kwaye ubulela abantu abamenze ukuba akwazi ukuphuma.
Index
Kuyo, izahluko okanye iinxalenye zangaphakathi ziyaqokelelwa, kunye nephepha abaqala kulo, ukuze umfundi abone incwadi ngokubanzi kwaye aye kwiphepha elithile elinomdla kuye.
Uluhlu lwamagama
Yiyo Ukucaciswa kwamagama athile ezisetyenziswayo. Nangona uninzi lwababhali lusebenzisa imibhalo esemazantsi, ngamanye amaxesha amagqabantshintshi made kangangokuba ayadinga indawo ethile kule ncwadi.
IBhayibhile
Uluhlu lwemisebenzi, amaphepha ewebhu, njl. kuboniswene.
Ngoku ungazazi zonke iindawo zencwadi.
Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula