Ukuba ungumfoti okanye usebenza ngeefoto, enye yezinto zokuqala omele uyazi malunga neefomathi zeefoto. Ngale ndlela, uya kukwazi ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo onokuthi usebenze nazo okanye uzigcine njani iifoto ukuze zigcine owona mgangatho ubalaseleyo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba kukho ntoni? Yaye yintoni enye yazo? Emva koko jonga oko sikulungiseleleyo ukuze wazi zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka.
Ziziphi iifomati zeefoto
Ngefomathi yeefoto siyaqonda ukuba zinjalo iindlela apho iifoto zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwikhompyuter, ithebhulethi, iselula, ilaptop okanye ugcino lwangaphandle, njengediski yangaphandle, i-flash drive, i-cd okanye i-dvd. Yinkqubo apho zonke iipikseli ezenza iifoto zigcinwa ngokwedijithali.
Ngale ndlela, imifanekiso emininzi inokuqhutywa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuprinta okanye ukuyikhupha. Ukuze uzibone, udinga kuphela isixhobo esinokubonisa ezo pixels.
Zeziphi iifomati zeefoto ezikhoyo?
Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngeefomati ezahlukeneyo onokuzifumana. ezinye ziyaziwa ngelixa ezinye zithe ngqo ngakumbi kwiingcali okanye iinkqubo ezizodwa.
JPG
JPG ithetha IQela leeNgcali zeFoto. Yifomati apho ifoto icinezelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngendlela yokuba ifayile inobunzima obuncinci. Ngapha koko, ungayicinezela ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, kodwa oku kuya kuba nefuthe elibi okanye elingcono lefoto.
Ngokwenyani, unento entle kunye nembi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iyahambelana nazo zonke iinkqubo zokuhlela imifanekiso. kunye neebrowser, isoftware, iiselfowuni, iikhompyuter, njl.
Ngokuchaseneyo, iifayile zeJPG azihleleki, kwaye ixesha ngalinye ligcinwa, nokuba ufuna ukwenza into ngefoto, iya kulahlekelwa ngumgangatho de ingabonakali kakuhle ekugqibeleni. Yiyo loo nto le fomati isetyenziselwa umfanekiso wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, lowo ungasawuchukumisi.
GIF
I-GIF yenye yeefomati zefoto ezidumileyo, nangona iqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nemifanekiso eshukumayo (into ezinye iifomati ezingenakuyenza).
Ii-akhronimi zisuka Ifomathi yokuTshintshana kweMifanekiso kwaye unengxaki yokuba igcina kuphela i-8-bits yolwazi, oko kukuthi, imibala engama-256. Logama nje iifoto zingenamibala emininzi, inokuba yileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iifomati zeGIF zidla ngokujoliswa koopopayi, ngoko ayisiyiyo eyona isetyenziswa kwiifoto (ayisetyenziswanga ukugcina umgangatho olungileyo kuzo).
PSD
Ifomati yePSD ithetha Uxwebhu lwePhotoshop kwaye yileyo inkqubo yePhotoshop isebenzisa ukugcina iiprojekthi zayo kwaye ikwazi ukuzihlela kamva ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa naluphi na umgangatho. Kwaye kukuba igcina iileya, amajelo, njl. ngoko unokuphinda uchukumise indawo ethile oyifunayo, kwaye hayi umfanekiso wonke kwakhona.
Nangona kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezinokuvula ezi fayile, amaxesha amaninzi azenzi njalo ngazo zonke iimpawu kwaye kukhethwa ukuzisebenzisa kuphela ukuba unayo inkqubo. Kungenjalo kungcono ukuyigcina kwezinye iifomati.
Kwakhona, le fayile ayifundeki ngabaphequluli, abancedisi, njl. kodwa kufuneka soloko uyiguqulela kwiJPG okanye kwiPNG ukuze inobunzima obuncinci kwaye iboniswe ngokuchanekileyo.
Bmp
Ukugcinwa kweefoto, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yezona zilungileyo yi-BMP. Ithetha Bitmap yeWindows kwaye ibisetyenziswa ukusukela ngo-1990. Into eyenzayo kukucinezela iipikseli kodwa, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iifomati, kule meko ayiniki ipixel nganye ixabiso lombala. Kungenxa yoko le nto zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu kunabanye kwaye ilungele kuphela ukugcina iifoto, kodwa ukuyisebenzisa kwiiwebhusayithi, iividiyo, njl. inokuba nzima kakhulu.
PNG
Ifayile yePNG ithetha Imizobo yeNethiwekhi ephathekayo. Iphawulwa ngokucinezela umfanekiso kodwa, ngokungafaniyo neJPG, ayinakuphulukana nomgangatho. Ukongeza, izinto ezicacileyo zinokusetyenziswa, into engenzekiyo nazo zonke ezidlulileyo.
Ingxaki kuphela enayo kukuba ifayile ingaba nkulu kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba sebenzisa indawo eninzi okanye uthathe ixesha elide ukulayisha kwiwebhusayithi. Yiyo loo nto abaninzi benzayo kukuguqula loo mfanekiso ube yiJPG ukuyenza (kodwa bagcina iPNG igcinwe ukusebenza nayo).
TIFF
Le fomati iboniswe ukuprinta umfanekiso wedijithali onomgangatho ophezulu. Kwaye yile nto ngayo, i-acronym yayo imele iTagged Imaged File Format, umgangatho uyoyisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into.
Ayicinezeli kakhulu, ngoko inzima kakhulu. Yintoni egqithisile, azikho iinkqubo ezininzi okanye ababukeli (nkqu nabakhangeli) abakwaziyo ukuyifunda.
Ewe kunjalo, ukuze iifoto ziphume ngowona mgangatho uphezulu, le iya kuba yeyona ifomathi ifanelekileyo.
I-HEIF
Isifinyezo se-HEIF sithi Ukusebenza okuphezulu kweFayile yeFayile, okanye ngeSpanish, ifomathi yefayile yomfanekiso osebenzayo. Ngamanye amazwi, yifomathi evumela ukuba umgangatho ophezulu wefoto ugcinwe naxa ucinezelwe.
Enyanisweni, kuthiwa Uxinzelelo luphindwe kabini kuneJPG kodwa umgangatho uphinda kabini.
Ingxaki? Oko kude kube ngoku ayixhaswa ngabakhangeli kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba yenye yeefomati ezisetyenziswa ziifowuni eziphathwayo ukugcina iifoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
RAW
Le ngenye ye iifomati ezaziwa kakhulu ngabafoti kuba abaninzi abavelisi bekhamera basebenza nayo, njenge-Kodak, i-Olympus, iCanon, i-Nikon ...
Inzuzo enayo kukuba inokunikela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16384 izithunzi ngetshaneli yombala nganye, ngamasuntswana ali-14, endaweni ye-8 ukuba iifomati zomfanekiso zihlala zinazo.
Ikunika imifanekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kodwa iifayile zihlala zinzima kwaye aziqhelekanga ukufundwa ngokulula njengezinye esizibonisileyo.
Kwaye kuzo zonke iifomati zeefoto, zeziphi ezona zilungileyo?
Ngoku ukuba uyazazi iifomati ezahlukeneyo zemifanekiso, usenokungazi ukuba yeyiphi omawuyisebenzise, ukuba enye okanye enye ingcono.
Kwimeko yethu, sicebisa ukuba usebenzise iJPG okanye iPNG, eziifomati ezimbini ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu (kunye neelahleko kwiJPG, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwiPNG) kunye nobukhulu befayile efikelelekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno onazo okanye ukuba kufuneka ubonise umfanekiso othile okanye uhlobo lwefomathi kumxhasi.
Ngaba icacile kuwe malunga neefomati zeefoto?