Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphezu kwesinye, ngelixa ukhangela i-Intanethi, ukhe wadibana nenye ifomathi yomfanekiso ebingavakali ngathi iqhelekile kuwe. Ngapha koko, kutshanje ungabona utshintsho kuba kwiinjini yokukhangela umfanekiso (uGoogle, umzekelo), xa ugcina umfanekiso, i-jpg eqhelekileyo ayibonanga, kodwa iwebhu. Kwaye zininzi iifomati zemifanekiso.
Kodwa, Zeziphi iifomati zemifanekiso ngokwenene? Zingaphi ezikhoyo? Kwaye zeziphi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu? Namhlanje, sithetha ngabo.
Zeziphi iifomati zemifanekiso?
Iifomati zemifanekiso, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziifomathi zeefayile zemifanekiso, ziyindlela yokugcina loo datha yemifanekiso ngaphandle kokuyicinezela, nangona inokucinezelwa (ilahle okanye ingabinayo idatha) okanye iguqulwe ibe ziivenkile.
Ngamafutshane, sithetha nge Ifayile yedijithali enayo yonke idatha eyimfuneko ukuze kwenziwe umfanekiso. Le datha ziiphikseli, kuba yiyo eyenza umfanekiso. Nganye kwezi pixels yenziwe ngamanani amasuntswana asetyenziselwa ukumisela umbala wesithombe. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuxhomekeke kwiifomathi, umfanekiso unokuba nomgangatho ongcono okanye ombi.
Iindidi zeefomathi zemifanekiso
Kwi-Intanethi unokufumanisa ukuba ezona ziqhelekileyo zihlala zi-jpg (okanye i-jpeg), i-png okanye i-gif. Kodwa eneneni Zininzi iintlobo zeefomati zemifanekiso. Sithetha ngayo nganye nganye.
IJPEG, iJPG, iJFIF
Kwezi acronyms, eyona uza kuyazi kancinane ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyokugqibela, kuba ayiqhelekanga ukuyibona kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, bonke bayayenza Isalathiso sokujoyina iQela leeNgcali zePhotograghic, okanye yintoni efanayo: JPEG.
Into eyenzayo kukucinezela umfanekiso ophulukana nedatha ukuze inobunzima obungaphantsi. Ukwenza oku, isebenzisa ifomathi yeJFIF, ifomathi yokuTshintshana kweFayile yeJPEG.
Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-Intanethi kwaye ibonakaliswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- I-8-bit grayscale
- Imifanekiso enemibala engama-24 (isebenzisa iibits ezisibhozo kumbala ngamnye we-RGB (oluhlaza, obomvu, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
- Ukuncipha kokulahleka (oku kunceda ukuyenza incinci).
- Ukuthotywa kwesizukulwana. Oko kukuthi, xa ihlelwa kwaye igcinwa amaxesha amaninzi ilahlekelwa ngumgangatho ongaphezulu.
Kukho umahluko, obizwa ngokuba yiJPEG 2000. Oku kunokuvumela ukulahleka okanye ukulahleka kokunciphisa kodwa akungaziwa. Ngapha koko, isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuhlelwa kwefilimu kunye nokusasazwa, umzekelo, kwizakhelo zeemovie.
TIFF
Eli gama libhekisela Iifayile zeFayile yeFayile. Yifomathi eguqukayo onokuyifumana kwi-Intanethi njenge-TIFF okanye i-TIF, nangona ingaqhelekanga.
Phakathi kweempawu ezinazo:
- Uyakwazi ukugcina imifanekiso exinzelelweyo kunye okanye ngaphandle kwelahleko.
- Ukuxhaswa kwizikhangeli ezininzi zewebhu.
- Iphatha iindawo ezithile zombala, njenge-CMYK, i-OCR, njl.
GIF
I-GIF, okanye iFomathi yokuTshintshana kweMizobo, yenye yeefayile ze- iifomati zemifanekiso esetyenziswa rhoqo ekwenzeni oopopayi ikakhulunjengoko ikuvumela ukuba urekhode iifayile zemifanekiso eshukumayo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhethi oku kuphela, ikwasetyenziselwa iifoto kuba icinezela ngaphandle kwelahleko, oko kukuthi, igcina umgangatho wesithombe osigcinayo kule fomathi.
Ibonakala ngokugcina lonke ulwazi lomfanekiso kwitafile ebizwa ngokuba ngumbala wombala, onokuthi ube nemibala engama-256 (iibits ezisibhozo). Kulula ukuzifumana kwi-Intanethi, nangona zisetyenziselwa iilogo (ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yokwenza ukuba ibonakale), oopopayi, ubugcisa beekliphu, njl.
PNG
I-PNG imele Imizobo yeNethiwekhi ephathekayo. Ekuqaleni yayingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi (sithetha ngo-1996) kodwa ngoku unokufumana ngokulula imifanekiso kunye neefoto ngale fomathi.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo zezi:
- Cinezela imifanekiso ngaphandle kokulahleka.
- Nika ubunzulu bombala ukuya kuthi ga kwiibhithi ezingama-24 (kwaye hayi i-8 umzekelo wezangaphambili).
- Inejelo le-alpha engama-32.
- Ayinakho ukuvelisa oopopayi.
- Yamkela izinto eziselubala nezingagqibelelanga.
Okwangoku Isetyenziselwa imifanekiso kunye nemizobo, iilogo, iifoto ezingalahlekiyo, iifoto ezifuna ukungafihli, njl.
PSD
Olu hlobo lwefayile lolunye yenziwe ngeAdobe Photoshop (okanye efanayo). Isetyenziselwa ukugcina umfanekiso ngowona mgangatho uphezulu, ngaphandle kokuphulukana nawo nawuphi na umsebenzi oye wakwazi ukuwenza. Ngapha koko, inenzuzo yokuba igcina yonke into, kubandakanya notshintsho, umaleko, izimbo ... ngendlela enokuthi uyibuyise emva kwexesha ukuba awuqinisekanga sisiphumo ngaphandle kokuba uqale ekuqaleni.
Ingxaki kukuba awukwazi ukubona ezi ntlobo zemifanekiso kwisikhangeli, zinokuvulwa kuphela ngenkqubo ethile yokwenza ukuba zisebenze.
WebP
Ifomathi yomfanekiso weWebP yenye yezona zingaziwayo, kodwa enye onokuyifumana ngoku ngoku kwi-Intanethi. Yi ifomathi egcina umfanekiso ngokucinezela okungafunekiyo ngaphandle kokulahleka komfanekiso.
Injongo yale fomathi kukuba nesayizi encinci ukuze, ekubuyiseni, ilayishe iphepha ngokukhawuleza. Eyilwe nguGoogle, isekwe kwisikhokelo se-VP8 sangaphakathi sokufaka iikhowudi kwaye sinesikhongozelo seRIFF.
SVG
I-SVG imele Imizobo yeVector eyoHlanganekayo. Yenye yeefomati zomfanekiso ozifumana simahla kwaye ezijolise ikakhulu kubathwali. Njengakwi-GIF, unokukhulisa imifanekiso ethile nge-SVG. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba ezi ntlobo zeefomathi azikaxhaswa ziinethiwekhi zentlalo.
Iifomati zemifanekiso: EPS
I-EPS ifakwe kwi-PostScript. Ngokwenyani, yifomathi ethi Yenza iAdobe, kodwa iPDF yayiyifaka endaweni yayo.
Iifomati zemifanekiso: BMP
I-BMP imele iBitmap. Yenye yeefomathi ezaqala ukusetyenziswa kwii-90s kwaye zabonakaliswa ngokwenza Ukunciphisa ngokulahleka komgangatho omncinci, eyayibonisa ukuba ubungakanani befayile nganye bukhulu kakhulu (ekubuyiseni isisombululo somfanekiso sasigqibelele).
Namhlanje isasetyenziswa, nangona incinci kunezinye iifomati zomfanekiso.
Ezinye iifomathi ezingaziwayo
Ngaphandle kwezo sizikhankanyileyo, zikhona ezinye iifomati zemifanekiso ezingaziwa kakhulu, kodwa ngokomsebenzi, zinokusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Zezi:
- Exif. Le fayile ifana neJPEG kunye neTIFF. Into eyenzayo kukurekhoda idatha ezininzi njengezicwangciso zekhamera, xa ifoto yathathwa, inqanaba lokuveza, njl
- PPM, PGM, PBM okanye PNM.
- I-HEIF.
- UMBUZO.
- I-AI.