Umthombo: Wikipedia
Kukho imizobo ethi, ngenxa yomgca wegraphic okanye imibala yayo, ihlelwe ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchwetheza. Kukho imizobo eye yehla kwimbali kuba emva kwaloo msebenzi wobugcisa, kukho isizukulwana esiguqukayo sonke, nokuba yintlalo-ezopolitiko okanye i-demographic, kunye nokuhamba phambili kwamagcisa amaninzi.
Yiyo loo nto kule posi siza kuthetha nawe malunga nesitayile esele sinefashoni kwihlabathi lobugcisa kunye noyilo, isitayile esisithatha sisiya kwiindawo zase-Asiya kwaye sizaliswe ziifom zeempawu ezinokuthi ukubabona sele beza kubabona. uyayazi indlela yokuzichaza? Ngokuqinisekileyo, Siza kukubonisa ihlabathi elimangalisayo lobugcisa baseJapan kunye nendlela eliyiphembelele ngayo imisebenzi yakhe, ngakumbi kwimizobo emidala yaseJapan.
Siyathemba ukuba uya kufunda okuninzi kolu hambo lude oluya eJapan kwaye ukhuthazwe ngumbono wabo wobugcisa baseJapan.
ubugcisa baseJapan
Umthombo: Pajamasurf
Ubugcisa baseJapan, obukwabizwa ngokuba nihonga e, Bubuchule bokuzoba kunye nobuchwephesha obazalelwa eJapan. Igama ngokwalo liquka iintsingiselo ezininzi, kuquka ukupeyinta okanye umfanekiso. Ubugcisa baseJapan bazalwa kwaye baphenjelelwa yimisinga yaseMelika evela eUnited States ukusukela ngoko, iJapan yayililizwe elibotshelelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye livalelwe ngokubhekiselele kuyilo oluchasene nenyikima.
Masithi akuzange kube ngo-1853 apho imisebenzi yaqala ukuhamba ngentsholongwane kwaye yazibeka kwindawo yokuthengisa. Inyani yokuba ivule iingcango zayo yavumela iJapan ukuba ibe sisityebi ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo kunye nenqanaba lentlalo-qoqosho kunye nentlalo-ntle yenkcubeko ukukhula kunye nokwanda kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Ngamafutshane, le yiminyaka yomzabalazo kunye nokulingana kwicala laseJapan, kunye nokuqatshelwa kwenkcubeko.
Iimpawu ngokubanzi
Imibala
Ukusetyenziswa kwemibala eqaqambileyo kunye neyomeleleyo luphawu olukhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yakhe, oku kungenxa yokuba kubugcisa baseJapan basebenzisa i-pigments yombala, Ezi pigments zenza imibala ibonakale inomtsalane ngakumbi kwaye iqaqambise imilo yazo. Yiyo loo nto ubugcisa baseJapan bukwazile ukuya kwintsholongwane kakhulu. Kwakhona, ezi pigments ziphuma kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana, nto leyo eyenza umzobo ube nomdla ngakumbi.
Into yokufaka umoya endlini
Inyaniso yokuba imisebenzi yenziwe ngezinto zendalo ithetha ukuba imizobo, xa ibonakaliswe kwiindawo eziphezulu zezulu, ilahlekelwa yintsini yayo kwaye ibe nebala. Yingakho amaJapan, xa ezoba ngezi zixhobo, ayisonge imisebenzi yawo baze bawagcine kwiibhokisi zomthi ngenjongo yokuba umoya okanye ubushushu bungazonakalisi. Kuyathakazelisa ukukhathalelwa ngokukhethekileyo ezi ntlobo zemisebenzi, kuba ziyindalo ngokupheleleyo.
Iimilo
Enye yezinto ezikhethekileyo ezikhoyo kubugcisa baseJapan ngumgca abawusebenzisayo ukuzoba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyimizobo umgca wayo ulungile ngokwaneleyo ukuze iifom zayo zigcine ubuntu kunye nomlingiswa waseJapan welo xesha. Bubuchule obunomdla kakhulu kuba oku basebenzise iibhrashi ezinencam entle kakhulu kwaye bafumana isiphumo esothusayo.
Iintlobo zemizobo yaseJapan
Umthombo: ipixvision
Kukho amaqela amabini aphambili emizobo yamandulo yaseJapan. Zombini zigcina iimpawu ezohlulayo kwaye zifane nazo kodwa kwangaxeshanye zikude ukuvelisa iindlela ezintsha zokuzoba.
monochrome nihonga
I-Monochrome nihonga isitayile sobugcisa saseJapan esekwe ekuxubeni ii-inki ezimnyama kakhulu kunye neenki ezilula kakhulu. Injongo yolu buchule kukulawula ukwenza uthotho lweethoni ezimhlophe, ezingwevu kunye nezimnyama ezinempembelelo yeethoni eziluhlaza kwimisebenzi.
Kobu buchule. amaJapan asebenzisa i-inki ebizwa ngokuba yi-sumi okanye i-inki encinane. Le inki yenziwe ngezinto zabo zemifuno ezifana nomsila wameva okanye isikhumba sesilwanyana. Ngamafutshane, sisitayela esinomdla kakhulu esiphenjelelwe kakhulu lixesha lamandulo laseJapan.
i-polychrome ihonga
Ngokungafaniyo nobugcisa obudlulileyo, kwi-polychrome nihonga, ii-inki ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo zisetyenzisiweyo ezivela kwiingqaqa okanye kwizinto eziphuma ngqo elwandle. Esi simbo sihlaziywa ngobomi, kuba ii-pigments ezinemibala ecace kakhulu zisetyenziswa ezifumana umphumo omnandi kakhulu wokubonwa kwimisebenzi.
Ngokwesiqhelo siyasixabisa esi simbo kwimisebenzi apho izinto ezifana nezilwanyana, iintaba okanye imbonakalo-mhlaba yendalo, njl.njl. Kukho imisebenzi emininzi edumileyo ethe yasebenzisa obu buchule kwaye, iye yamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye yaboniswa kwezinye zezona museum zibalaseleyo emhlabeni.
Ulwakhiwo
iliza elikhulu
Umthombo: Ndadibana naye namhlanje
I-Wave enkulu yenye yemisebenzi, singasathethi ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisitayela esidala saseJapan. Ngumsebenzi owenziweyo ngumzobi uKatsushika Hokusai. Ngomnye weendlela ezimele kakhulu, ekubeni umzobo wakhe wenziwa kwisithuba esimalunga nama-40 cm.
Ngomnye wemisebenzi ethi, nangona iyinxalenye yobugcisa baseJapan, ngokungathandabuzekiyo iye yaba yenye yemiboniso efikelele kuzo zonke iikona zaseAsia. Ayizange ibe ngumsebenzi oye waguqula kwaye wenza ukuba kwaziwe ukuba ubugcisa bufihlwe iminyaka, kodwa buphinde bunike impembelelo yamagcisa amaninzi.
AmaJapan
AmaJapan Ngomnye wemisebenzi yesityhilelo epeyintwe ngumzobi ongumFrentshi uClaude Monet. Akazange abe nobuganga bokusebenzisa esi simbo kuphela, kodwa waphumelela nasekusetyenzisweni kwemibala neemilo zayo. Ukwenza oku, wazimisela ukubonisa umsebenzi apho ibhinqa libonakala linxibe isinxibo saseNtshona kwaye liphethe ifeni.
Umfazi ovela emsebenzini wakhe, kwiminyaka kamva, wabonakala engumfazi wakhe uCamille, owathi, ngokutsho kwakhe, wayethanda ukunxiba ngolu hlobo lwempahla.
fuji ebomvu
Umthombo: Origami Clover
ifuji ebomvu ngomnye wemisebenzi yomzobi waseJapan uKatsushika Hokusai. I-canvas igcina ubude obufana nobomaza, malunga ne-40 cm. Lo msebenzi ubonisa enye yezona ntaba-mlilo zingcwele kunye nesimboli esibaluleke kakhulu eJapan.
Kule nto, wasebenzisa imibala efudumeleyo efana nebomvu okanye i-browns eyamnika intsingiselo epheleleyo yento awayefuna ukuyibonakalisa kumsebenzi wakhe.
Abadlali
Hiroshi Yoshida
U-Hiroshi Yoshida ngomnye wamagcisa okutyhilwa kobugcisa baseJapan. Wazalwa ngo-1876, waziwa ukuba ungomnye wamagcisa amaninzi aphenjelelwa kakhulu yiNew Print movement. Enye yezinto zinkwenkwezi ezakuqaqambisa eli gcisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziipowusta zakhe, Inoluhlu olubanzi lweepowusta apho isimbo saseJapan sexesha sigqame.
Ukongeza, imisebenzi yakhe iphenjelelwa kakhulu yiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ngokufutshane, umxholo ovuselelweyo ngongquzulwano olukhulu lwezopolitiko zehlabathi kunye namagunya amakhulu avela kwihlabathi liphela.
Shinsui Ito
Ungomnye wamagcisa avela kushicilelo. Wayekhethekileyo kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku njengesitayela sikaNihonga kwaye waqala ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Ungomnye wamagcisa anefuthe kakhulu eTokyo kwaye wafunda imizobo kunye namagcisa anje Hiroshi Yoshida. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, imisebenzi yakhe iye yaba yimbekiselo yobugcisa yaye iye yamkelwa ehlabathini lonke.
Eyona nto ibonakalisa kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe kukusetyenziswa kwee-inki ze-monochrome kunye nomxube wemibala ecacileyo neqaqambileyo ekwaziyo ukutsala ingqalelo yoluntu. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ungomnye wamagcisa eenkwenkwezi.
UKatsushika Hokusai
Njengoko sele sibonile kumsebenzi wakhe ngaphambili, ungomnye wabapeyinti ababalaseleyo bobugcisa baseJapan. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo kwimisebenzi yakhe kukuba utsala kwimibhobho ejikelezayo namaza avumela umphumo opheleleyo wokuphakama kwimisebenzi yakhe, kuba ngathi imisebenzi yakhe iphila ngequbuliso kwaye inokushukuma.
Kwakhona Ube ngumbhali weminye imisebenzi emininzi, njenge IHokusai Manga, apho ajongana nezihloko ezingesixeko ahlala kuso aze abalise amava namava. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ungomnye wabapeyinti ababalaseleyo bobugcisa baseJapan.
Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Kwaye ekugqibeleni sinenkosi yaseJapan yobuchule obubizwa ngokuba yiJapan woodblock printing, eyaziwa ngokuba yiprints. Kubomi bakhe bonke, uzinikezele ekwenzeni imisebenzi yelaphu apho wayephenjelelwe ngamanye amaphupha awayenawo, wongeza nezinto eziqhelekileyo zamabali amasikizi afana neziporho kunye nezinto ezongezelelekileyo ezazingaphandle kokwenyani.
Phakathi kweyona misebenzi yakhe idumileyo yile umatiloshe waseTokuso, ngentseni ngoNyaka oMtsha okanye iikati ezixelisa amaxesha onyaka angama-53. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ungomnye wabaculi baseJapan ababaluleke kakhulu malunga nokwenziwa kweprints.
Isiphelo
Isimbo saseJapan ngokungathandabuzekiyo sibuguqule ubugcisa esibaziyo namhlanje. Kukho imisebenzi emininzi eyenziwe kunye namagcisa abandakanyekayo.
Siyathemba ukuba uyonwabele olu hambo lude kodwa olufutshane lokuya kwiindawo zaseAsia kwaye ufunde malunga nobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko yaseJapan yakudala. Ukuba ujonga kwisikhangeli sakho, uya kuqonda ukuba mininzi imisebenzi emininzi kwaye kukho iminyaka emininzi yomzabalazo wobugcisa kumaJapan.