Kwincwadi yakhe «Ubuchwephesha obutsha», UJan Tschichold ubanga ukuba ufikile kwindlela engagqibekanga yokwenza ifayile ye uyilo olugqibeleleyo loyilo lwephepha. Ngapha koko, le ndlela yayisele ikho ngaphambi kokuba kufike iikhompyuter, umatshini wokushicilela kunye neeyunithi zokulinganisa.
Imfihlelo ye-canon kunye nokuhambelana kwephepha
Emuva kumaXesha Aphakathi, iincwadi zazizinto zodidi ezazigcinelwe izidwangube nabefundisi okoko imveliso yabo yathatha iminyaka.
Ezi zinto zazikho ibhalwe ziimonki -bhala-, odale inkqubo yokuyila incwadi egqibeleleyo. Yile ndlela, ngokusekwe kuludwe lwemfihlelo, bavelisa imibhalo-ngqangi yabo ekhanyisiweyo bethathela ingqalelo imvisiswano kunye nobunye kwiibhloko zombhalo kunye nephepha ezazigcwele kulo izinto.
Uluhlu olusetyenziswe ngu ababhali bamaxesha aphakathi yayintsonkothe kangangokuba kwiminyaka kamva abayili banamhlanje ngokuzimeleyo bayifumene kwakhona kwaye babona ukuba babelana ngayo imigaqo efanayo ngaphezu kwalawo maqhekeza okuqala.
Ngoku siza kukubonisa ngokufutshane kunye namanyathelo alula imfihlelo yoyilo olukhulu lokuhlela.
Lithini iphepha eligqibeleleyo?
Masiqale ngokuhlalutya iphepha elilula ngaphandle kwezikhokelo… Siyabona ukuba inebhloko edadayo iye kwiziko eliphezulu lephepha. Oku kuvumela indawo eyaneleyo yokuphatha. Sikwabona indawo yeebhloko zokubhaliweyo ezisivumela ukuba sigcine isingqisho sokufunda esinamanzi.
Ngoku sibona izikhokelo ezivelisiweyo kunye nomzobo weVillard de Honnecourt osetyenziswe kwiphepha langaphambili elisisiseko. Lo ngumzobo 2: 3 u-Tschichold ucebisa ukuba awusebenzise kwincwadi yakhe.
Ubuhle bebhloko yokubhaliweyo busendaweni, ubungakanani kunye nolwalamano olunalo kwiphepha elikuyo.
Uluhlu aluboniswanga kuphela ubeka ibhloko ebhaliweyo kwindawo efanelekileyo kwiphepha. Ikwabonelela ngokuba neeyunithi ezipheleleyo ngokugqibeleleyo. Ezi yunithi ziya kusivumela ukuba sisebenze ngegridi yemodyuli, ukuququzelela uyilo.
Nokuba likhulu kangakanani iphepha, uya kuhlala ugqiba ngegridi ye-9 × 9. Idityaniswe ngebhloko yombhalo 1/9 ukusuka kumda wangaphezulu nowangaphakathi no-2/9 usiya kumda osezantsi nangaphandle
Kodwa ufika njani kolu lwakhiwo?
Masicacise ukuba kwenzeka njani oku ... Imodyuli eya kwigridi yintoni iseli etafileni. Okokuqala, sinomlinganiso ka-2: 3. Umda ingaphakathi inomlinganiselo we Iinxalenye ezi-2 kwezi-3 ngokuthelekiswa nomda ophezulu. Kwelinye icala, umda osezantsi kunye nangaphandle ziphindwe kabini. Ke umda ngaphandle ngu 4/9 kunye emazantsi 6/9.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kwiphepha, i Iibhloko zombhalo kuwo omabini amaphepha ziya kuba nomgama ofanayo phakathi kwazo. Kwaye ukuba ibincinci, siya kuba nokuphakama kwebhloko yokubhaliweyo elingana nobubanzi bephepha
Landela la manyathelo emfanekisweni ukuvelisa ibhloko yokubekwa kwephepha lakho:
Bendingayazi lethiyori okanye indlela, kwaye inyani ayenzi ngqondo kuyo. Kwenzeka into efanayo kum njengaxa kubonakaliswa ilogo kwigridi ... hayi kuba ilogo okanye uyilo lwephepha luphendula kwigridi okanye ingcaciso yeetriki echazwe kakuhle izakulunga. Kukho iilogo ezoyikisayo, ezisonjululwe kakubi eziwafaka kwigridi kwaye kunye nabo "gwebela" ukuba uyilo olulungileyo kuba "lunengqondo". Kwenzeka into efanayo ngalo mzekelo wephepha. Ndicinga ukuba esi sicelo sephepha yinkcitho yamaphepha, ayithathi nzuzo ngephepha kwaye imbi ngakumbi, ishiya iibhloko zisondele kakhulu embindini wencwadi, xa kubomi bokwenyani, ukugcwaliswa okanye ukuthungwa kwencwadi kuhlala kunjalo isusa indawo yokufunda loo ndawo (ukuba ikumbindi kakhulu kufuneka uvule incwadi ukuze ukwazi ukufunda amagama akwiziko) ... Kwelinye icala, ayithethi ubungakanani befonti okanye isithuba somgca, kuba ukuba sicinga ngobungakanani bebhloko kufuneka sisombulule le miba ukuze sazi ukuba mangaphi amagama emgceni ibhloko yakho kwaye unemigca emingaphi kwiphepha lakho, ukuze ugqibezele amava kwaye ube nakho ukuvavanya ukuba kulungile okanye kubi ... Ngapha koko. Ndicinga ukuba yindlela enengqiqo kodwa bayalibala ukuba ukufunda incwadi ngamava umntu anayo nento. Ayisiyo "ukubona into" kuphela, iyadibana nayo. Ukubulisa
Ndikunye noBruno. Njengakuyo nayiphi na ithiyori, lixesha lokuba kuvavanywe kwaye kwenziwe.
Ngokwenyani, isitayile kunye nokusebenziseka kukwaphawula umda kunye nezinto eziyinyani.