Kulo ulwazi ulwazi, unxibelelwano lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, kuba kula maxesha yonke into esisebenzisana nayo iye yaba yi-globalized, kwaye unxibelelwano ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngomnye wabo. Utshintshiselwano ngolwazi olubhaliweyo namhlanje lunokwenziwa ngamajelo ahlukeneyo, njengemiyalezo ebhaliweyo, i-imeyile kunye nezithuba zeendaba zoluntu. Yinto ebalulekileyo kumava ethu kwi-intanethi. Kwaye kulapho isihloko sanamhlanje singena khona.
I-Unicode yaphuhliswa ngenxa yomngeni owenziwe ziinkqubo ezininzi zokubhala kunye neentlobo zeelwimi ngokumalunga nabalinganiswa abameleyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kugocagoca kwihlabathi loonobumba be-Unicode, kubandakanya inkqubo yabo yokufaka iikhowudi, usetyenziso, kunye nemingeni. Ngaba uyafuna ukubona ukuba ingantoni na?
Index
Yintoni i-Unicode?
Umgangatho wolwazi owaziwa ngokuba Unicode inikeza imephu enye yokumela, ikhowudi, kunye nokuguqula izicatshulwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokubhala ezikhoyo emhlabeni. I-Unicode ivumela iindidi ezininzi zoonobumba ukuba zibandakanywe, kuquka iialfabhethi, iisimboli, i-emojis, kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo, ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zakudala zokukhowuda ezifana ASCII, enokumela kuphela inani elincinci labalinganiswa.
Le nkqubo yeekhowudi inika umlinganiswa ngamnye inani elahlukileyo elaziwa ngokuba yi "code point". La manqaku ekhowudi akholisa ukuba nomboniso we-hexadecimal. Ngaphezulu kwe-143.000 oonobumba banokumelwa kusetyenziswa olu luhlu lubanzi lwamanqaku ekhowudi kumgangatho wamva nje we-Unicode.
Iimpawu ze-Unicode zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezikripti, njengesiLatini nesiGrike, kwakunye nesiTshayina, isiArabhu, isiCyrillic nezinye ezininzi. Ukongeza koonobumba bealphanumeric, ikwabandakanya iisimboli zemathematika, imali, iziphumlisi, kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo abasetyenziswa kwimimandla efana nomculo, isiginci kunye nolwimi.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo ze-Unicode
- Uququzelelo kutshintshiselwano lwedatha: Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-Unicode ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza lula ukutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter. Ngokusebenzisa i-Unicode njengomgangatho, abaphuhlisi bayakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-idiomatic zibonisa ngokuchanekileyo kwiiplatifomu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo.
- Iilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye nehlabathi jikelele: I-Unicode idlala indima ephambili ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Kuba ivumela ukumelwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubhala, nayo ikhuthaza ukubandakanywa kolwimi kunye nokufikeleleka kwixesha ledijithali. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko zamazwe ngamazwe apho unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lufuna iimpawu zeelwimi ezininzi.
- Inkxaso yabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo kunye neempawu: Ukongeza kuzo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla, i-Unicode ibalulekile kwinkxaso yeempawu ezizodwa kunye neempawu ezisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nemathematika, umculo, isayensi kunye neteknoloji. Ngale nkqubo yekhowudi, kulula ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lweesimboli kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo., evumela ukuchazwa okuchaneke ngakumbi nangokweenkcukacha kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
IiProsesa zeLizwi kunye nabahleli beKhowudi
Uninzi lwawona magama asetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nabahleli bekhowudi, njengeMicrosoft Word, Google Docs, Sublime Text, kunye neVisual Studio Code, zonke zixhasa uUnicode. Oku kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhale kwaye bahlele umbhalo kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye baqinisekise umboniso ochanekileyo kunye nokuhlelwa kwabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo kunye neempawu.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, i-Unicode idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwewebhu kunye neefonti. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulwimi okanye iskripthi esisetyenzisiweyo, abaqulunqi bangasebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoonobumba ngokubonga kwimithombo yewebhu esekelwe kuyo. Ukongeza, iCSS (iCascading Style Sheets) ibonelela ngendlela yokuhlengahlengisa umboniso woonobumba be-Unicode., ebonelela ngokuguquguquka ngokwendlela yesitayela kunye noyilo.
Imingeni
Nangona i-Unicode inobumeli obuphambili kakhulu, kusekho imiceli mngeni ekufuneka yoyiswe. Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kukudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-Unicode kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Ukungabikho kokuhambelana nale nkqubo kunokubangela iingxaki ngokuguqulwa kunye nokuboniswa kwesicatshulwa kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo.
Ikamva le-Unicode liqaqambile. Njengoko unxibelelwano lwe-intanethi lukhula kwaye luhluka, imfuno yokumelwa okubhaliweyo okuchanekileyo kunye nehlabathi jikelele kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Le nkqubo intsha iya kuqhubeka iphuhliswa ukuze ibandakanye abalinganiswa abatsha kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemfuno eziguqukayo zonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukugqiba, Oonobumba be-Unicode bayitshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela esimela ngayo kunye nokwabelana ngokubhaliweyo kwihlabathi ledijithali. Ndiyabulela kwirepertoire yayo ebanzi yabalinganiswa kunye neskimu sayo sokufaka iikhowudi esisodwa, ivule indlela yokufikeleleka kwemibhalo, ukusebenzelana kwehlabathi kunye neelwimi ezininzi. Nangona kusekho imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe, ikamva lale nkqubo liqaqambile kwaye lithembisa unxibelelwano lwe-intanethi olusebenzayo noluqukayo.
Apho unokufunda ngakumbi ngabalinganiswa
Ukuba unomdla wokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa oonobumba be-Unicode kwaye basebenzise uninzi lwerepertoire yabo enkulu, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-intanethi ezinokukunceda endleleni yakho yokusiqonda ngakumbi esi sixhobo sinamandla. Nazi ezinye iindawo apho unokufumana khona ulwazi oluluncedo kunye nezifundo malunga nokusetyenziswa koonobumba be-Unicode:
- unicode.org: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Unicode sisixhobo esihle solwazi malunga neziseko zomgangatho, kubandakanywa nembali yayo, isakhiwo se-encoding, kunye nohlaziyo lwamva nje.
- FileFormat.info: Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ezinxulumene ne-Unicode, kubandakanya uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lweempawu ze-Unicode, iitafile zekhowudi, kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo zokuguqula abalinganiswa kunye nokuboniswa.
- share.com: ICompart yiwebhusayithi ezinikele ekubhaleni ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye nokuchwetheza. Ibonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne-Unicode, njengethala leencwadi lefonti ye-Unicode, ulwazi malunga nendlela abalinganiswa abamelwa ngayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kunye neengcebiso zokusebenza kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba emva kweli nqaku uye wakwazi ukuqonda ukuba le nkqubo entsha yekhowudi iquka inani elikhulu lamathuba malunga nokumelwa kombhalo kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo. Ngena kweli hlabathi kwaye uqale ukuthatha ithuba lokwahluka kombhalo otyebileyo obonelelwa yi-Unicode!