Umzobo we-anatomy

Abazobi abaninzi bayakwazi ukwenza amalungu omntu emzimbeni wethu. Bayenza ngobulula obunomtsalane kangangokuba siyakwazi ukucacisa ukuba yeyiphi indawo okanye indawo yomzimba wethu eboniswe ngokugqibeleleyo.

Zonke ezi nxalenye zibizwa ngokuba yi-anatomy yomzobo, kwaye akukho nto ngaphandle komsebenzi wobugcisa ojongene nomzobo wengaphakathi lomzimba wethu. Obu buchule busetyenziswe ngabazobi abaninzi, kuquka amagcisa eencwadi ezihlekisayo.

Kule post siza kukwazisa kwihlabathi lobugcisa bokuzoba, ngakumbi umzobo wobugcisa okanye we-anatomical. Kwaye kwakhona, siza kuchaza inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokwenza umzimba womntu ofezekileyo.

Ngaba unobuganga bokuziyeka ukhukuliswe ngumzekeliso?

I-anatomy yobugcisa

I-Anatomy iqondwa njenge inzululwazi ephonononga ubume bezinto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, indawo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamalungu ayo (njengamathambo, izihlunu kunye ne-viscera) kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Ubume bezinto eziphilayo bukwabizwa ngokuba yi-anatomy. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisayensi efana neyeza kunye nebhayoloji.

Igama elithi anatomy lisuka kwisiGrike kwaye libunjwe sisihlomelo esithi ana (esithetha ngasentla) kunye nesenzi esithi tomé (esithetha ukusika okanye ukusika). Ukudityaniswa kwala magama kwenza igama elithi anatémnein, elithetha "ukusika ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi" kunye "nokucazulula". Imvelaphi yegama elithi anatomy ayizenzekelanga, kuba isiseko sale nzululwazi sibandakanya ukucalula izidumbu ukuze zifundwe. Abo bafunda naliphi na isebe lebhayoloji, kufuneka bafunde i-anatomy yezinto zabo zokufunda, nokuba ngumntu okanye isilwanyana, kubandakanywa nesityalo.

Kodwa ukuba singena nzulu kwihlabathi lobugcisa, i-anatomy yobugcisa iqulethe isenzo se Yila ngokutsha okanye tolika ngokuzoba umzimba womntu. Oko kukuthi, umdwebi owenza olu hlobo lwemifanekiso kufuneka angabi nolwazi kuphela malunga nobuchule bobugcisa, kodwa kunye nesayensi.

Ukuphucula i-anatomy yomzimba

Eyona ndlela yokuphucula imizekeliso yabalinganiswa kukufunda indlela umzimba womntu osebenza ngayo. Kwesi sifundo, sicacisa indlela yokuzoba umzimba ochanekileyo ngokwe-anatomically: amathambo aphambili kunye nezihlunu, indlela intloko eqhagamshele ngayo kwi-torso ngomqolo, kunye neemilo zeengalo.

Ngaphambi kokuba sikwazise, ​​silindele ukuba i-anatomy ayilula, kodwa siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku linokukukhokela kwaye likukhuthaze ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kuqala ngeenxalenye ezenza umzobo womntu:

Umqolo

Umqolo womqolo Yinkxaso yomzimba, kunye nenye evumela ukuhamba kwe-torso. Imilo yayo ethe tye iyahlula umntu kwezinye iintlobo, kodwa ayingomgca othe tye, kodwa i-curvilinear, ilungiselelo layo linika i-pelvis kunye ne-rib cage ukuthambekela okuncinci. Ukuyibona ngcono, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:

1. I-Cervical: exhasa kwaye inike ukuhamba kwentloko.
2. Idorsal okanye ithoracic: exhasa iimbambo.
3. I-Lumbar: incinci ngaphambi kokufikelela kwi-pelvis, exhunywe kwi-sacrum.

Intamo

EntanyeniUmlomo wesibeleko, ubekwe emva komhlathi, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezihlunu ezingenelela ekuhambeni kwentloko, eyona ibalaseleyo inegama elide ngokwaneleyo (sternocleidomastoid) kodwa unokuyiqonda ngokulula kuba emile okwe-V, iqala ukusuka endlebeni ukuya kumbindi we-clavicles. Embindini wale misipha kukho iapile lika-Adam, elibalasele ngakumbi emadodeni.

Ikhayiji yembambo

Iimbambo zekheji Yisiseko esichaza iingalo. Unokuyizoba ngeendlela ezininzi, ndiyathanda ukuyinika imilo ye-ovoid efana ngokusondeleyo nolwandlalo lweembambo.

Torso

I-torso yomntu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: i-sternum yiyo evala esi sakhiwo kwindawo engaphambili. Eli thambo kunye nomqolo zenza imigca ecingelwayo eyahlula umzimba kubini. Clavicles, ziyafana nebhayisekile yokuphatha. Unokucinga ngabo njengenkxaso yamagxa, rhoqo xa iingalo zihamba, ziya kutshintsha indlela.

Ngasemva sifumana umva, apho uya kufumana scapulae, isibini samathambo amile okwenxantathu aya kunika intshukumo kwiingalo. Umqolo ufumana utshintsho ngokweentshukumo zala mathambo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, i umlenze, efumaneka ekupheleni kwe-torso, idibanisa kwi-lumbar spine ukusuka kwi-sacrum. Kumacala omabini ungabona amathambo e-coxal, kwaye ngaphambili, indawo ye-pubic.

Ekubeni la mathambo angalingani, kusoloko kungcono ukuwenza lula ngokuzoba iidiski zamathambo e-coxal, kunye ne-sacrum njengonxantathu oguquliweyo. I i-coxal, iya kukukhokela ukuba uzobe ii-angles ze-hip. Ngasemva, i-dimples ezimbini ekupheleni komqolo, ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele emacaleni, kuya kukunceda ukuchonga i-sacrum.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ama-hips amabhinqa abanzi ngokubanzi kune-hips zamadoda - enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Iingalo

Kwinxalenye yokuqala yengalo, yi i-humers, ithambo elide, elomeleleyo elidibanisa kwingqiniba kwaye lichaza umphambili. Kwi-forearm uya kufumana i radius kunye ulnaLa mathambo agqitywe ukuvumela ukujikeleza kwesandla, amanye amagcisa azoba inxalenye yengalo njengebhokisi ukuchaza umthamo wayo.

Uyabona ukuba kwingalo yethu, sineqhuma elincinane kakhulu ngaphantsi kwesihlahla. Iyingxenye ye-ulna, yithathe njengendawo yesalathiso yokubeka i-orientation yengalo.

Imilenze

Imilenze yenziwe ngamathambo amaninzi: i femur ethangeni; i idolo, phakathi komlenze, i i-fibula kunye ne-tibia kwindawo yethole.

Imilenze kufuneka ixhase umzimba kwaye iwunike ulungelelwano olufunekayo, kodwa kukho iinkcukacha ezithi ngamanye amaxesha zisiphephe: imilenze ayinayo imigca ethe nkqo ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kubekho ibhalansi, kufuneka kubekho isingqisho, qaphela ukuthambekela okuncinci. i-femur ine-hip ukuya emadolweni, kwaye kumfanekiso iigophe ezenza i-contour yomlenze ejonge kuyo ukusuka kwicala.

Ezinye iinkcukacha ezinomdla zemilenze:

Phakathi kwethambo le-hip kunye ne-femur kukho isithuba esibonwa ngokubanzi njengento eqhekekileyo esikhumbeni, ngokukodwa kumadoda anobunzima obuncinane bemisipha kuloo ndawo. Kulo mfanekiso, sibona i-ankle, amathambo aphakamileyo ahlukeneyo, i-fibula yiyona ephantsi. Umzobo ovela kumbono wangemva wamadolo, kwicala langaphandle, imisipha ayivelisi utshintsho olungavamile kwi-contour, kodwa kwicala langaphakathi i-bulge encinci yenziwe.

Ubungakanani bomzimba

Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bomzimba womntu, kukho umgangatho wezemfundo, oko kukuthi,  7 okanye 8 iintloko Yeyona sayizi ifanelekileyo kumntu omdala. Nangona kunjalo, umntu ngamnye unomlinganiselo ohlukeneyo ngokweempawu zabo zomzimba, ukuba uthelekisa abantu abanobude obuhlukeneyo uya kuqaphela, kodwa ngabanye, bagcina imilinganiselo ngokwemizimba yabo.

Ukujonga oku, lo mzekelo ulandelayo uyenziwa: abantu abadala ababini, indoda kunye nomfazi. Nangona umzobo obhinqileyo umfutshane, umzimba wakhe wahlulwe ube ziintloko ezisi-7 (ezingena ngaphakathi komgangatho) kwaye isibalo sobudoda siphantse sibe sisithathu ubude.

Kulo mzekelo, umzobo womntwana unokuvela, kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ukuba kwasebuncinaneni, umzimba awukakhuli ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke imilinganiselo yakhe ayichazwanga, ijikeleze. Iintloko ezi-5 ubude.

Ezinye iingongoma zomdla ukuphucula

Nje ukuba sichaze awona malungu abalulekileyo omzimba womntu kumzobo, kuyafuneka ukuba siyiphelise le nxalenye yenqaku, ngenxa yoko, siya kuqhubeka nokucebisa amanqaku amaninzi ashwankathela yonke into ebonwe ngasentla, kwaye yintoni na. ingakunceda uqhubeke nokuphucula indlela yakho yokuzoba.

Isimangalo: Funda ukuhamba kwabantu, ukuma kwabo, ukungafani komzimba, oko kukuthi, yenza igalari yeereferensi kwimemori yakho kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, uthathe iifoto zayo.

Ukucinga kwi-3D: Ukuqonda umzobo kakuhle, kungcono ukuwuhlalutya kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo.

Uphando: Funda ngamalungu omzimba, amathambo awo, izihlunu zawo, nemisebenzi yawo ngokwembono yomzobi. Sinomdla kumalungu e-anatomy achaphazela iimilo kunye neentshukumo zomzimba.

Ungaze uyeke ukuzoba: Ziqhelanise nokuzoba wonke umzobo kwaye wenze nezifundo ezigxile kwezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu kuwe.

Isiphelo

Umzimba womntu ugcwele imilo enomdla kunye nenomtsalane kangangokuba asinakuze sazi ukuba siqale njani ukujonga kuzo. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likuncede ukuba uqonde ngcono i-anatomy yomntu kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ekukhuthaza ukuba uyizobe ngokugqibeleleyo, okanye ubuncinane uzame.

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