Yintoni uyilo lwenkohlakalo?

Kukho uyilo olulinganiswa ngokwengqondo yabo engabonakaliyo, kukho ezinye ezilinganiswa ngokubunjwa okulungileyo kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto zegraphic. Kukho abanye abathi, kwelinye icala, bathande ukuba ne-boom eninzi ngenxa yokungalingani okuboniswa kwindawo.

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, uyilo lube yenye yezona zinto zigxekwayo zobugcisa. Le nto ibangele ukuba abaqulunqi abaninzi bathathe kancinci uyilo olupheleleyo okanye i-anti-design epheleleyo. Kule post sikubonisa ukuba yeyiphi enye imisinga obungayazi kwaye ilayishwe ngeemilo, imibala kunye neentetho ezingaqondwa ngumntu wonke.

Saqala.

Uyilo lweBrutalist: Yintoni?

Uyilo lwe-brutalist okanye ebizwa ngokuba ubundlavini, ichazwa njengoluhlobo lwentshukumo yobuhle kwaye iqulethe imisebenzi ethile kwaye iyahlangabezana nokulindelweyo, kungoko igama kwaye likwachazwa njenge-utilitarian.

Ukuze uqonde ngcono le nto ingaqhelekanga yangoku, eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukufumana umbono ochasene nokuhombisa woyilo kwaye iveze kwaye ibonakalise ukuthanda imathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukwakha uyilo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuzibuza ukuba yeyiphi isitayile awayebalasele ngakumbi, kuba Ngokuqinisekileyo yayikulwakhiwo lwee-1950 ukuya kwii-1970s. Yintoni abambalwa abangayaziyo kukuba ngoku sele iphinde yavela kwizibilini zayo kwaye ihambile kwintsholongwane kwicandelo langoku loyilo lwedijithali.

Kwaye kutheni le nto ibaluleke kangaka namhlanje?Kaloku, kuba yenye yemisinga eye yatsala umdla wababukeli bayo. Iveza into efunekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuzohlula kwabanye kunye noko yenza isimbo esibandayo nesinzima.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zenkohlakalo zihlala zibonwa, le nyaniso iyenza ibe yindlela eyahlukileyo kwaye kunzima ukuyifanisa. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye, imisinga yobugcisa ibisenzeka ngokutsho kwangaphambi kwabo. Ngenkohlakalo baye badlula kwindawo ethile ukuya kwenye. Masiqale:

• Umboniso wezinto eziphathekayo: unesitayela sawo, esiyisakhiwo, kwaye akanalo ubudlelwane kunye nemidiya ye-intanethi.
• Basebenzisa amathoni e-monochromatic avela kwigrey, emhlophe kunye nomnyama.
• Ichazwa njengento esebenzayo kunye neyokungaphelelanga okanye ehamba ze ukususela ekuyilweni kunye nobugcisa kunye nobuhle abuhambisani nemigangatho yayo.
• Izinto zemodyuli kunye nokuphindaphinda kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Iziqwenga zidla ngokudityaniswa kunye nemiphetho yerectilinear. Ukongeza, ezi ziqwenga azihlelwanga okanye azikhohliswa.

Uyilo lweBrutalist: Imvelaphi

Imbali yale yangoku ingaqhelekanga masithi iqala ngentshabalalo, kubo sikwi-1940s kunye nayo, ukuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngeli xesha, uninzi lwezakhiwo zase-UK zilala kwaye zibonakala ziwile ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingamabhodlo.

Ilizwe ngokubanzi lifuna ukwakha kwakhona intlekele enkulu, kodwa kufuneka lenze ngokukhawuleza njengoko kufuneka babonelele ngezindlu kubamelwane babo kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente apho banokubeka khona ulungelelwaniso lwelizwe ebelitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kuyo yonke le nto. kwakhona ukujoyina ukunqongophala kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.

Kwenye indawo sifumana iSoviet Union, ilizwe elikwimodeli epheleleyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Kuyo, balungiselela ukwakha isitayile sezindlu ezenziweyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiKhrushchyovka, ezinye izindlu ezenziwe ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye zifana nezinye iimodeli zangaphambili. Esi simbo soyilo sijolise ukusuka koohlohlesakhe kunye nobunewunewu kwaye sibonakalise ukulingana kwezentlalo yobukomanisi.

Esi simbo sisasazeka kwakhona eUnited Kingdom, sisenza izakhiwo ezifana neSikolo saseHunstanton, Smithson Square kwiSixeko saseWestminster, iBalfron Tower kunye neThiyetha yeSizwe. Kwaye nakwihlabathi liphela kunye ne-Alumni Memorial Hall kwi-Illinois Institute of Technology, iHolo yeKhonsathi yasePerth e-Australia, iLayibrari yaseRobarts eToronto.

Le yindlela yazalwa ngayo le ntshukumo.

Kwiminyaka kamva

Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwesi simbo sitsha beza nemiphumo emikhulu, kuquka ulawulo lobuzwilakhe. Oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezifana neeseyile ezinkulu ze-monochrome zenza le nto yangoku ingenambala kwaye ibeka ngoku.

Ukuphela kwalo mbutho kwafika ngeminyaka yoo-70., kodwa namhlanje ishiye izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zembali ezibangela umdla omkhulu zisasazeke kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Uyilo lweBrutalist kwixesha ledijithali

Kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuphela koyilo lwe-brutalism kuyilo lwezakhiwo, inkalo entsha okanye iphakathi yaziswa, ixesha ledijithali. Ngophuhliso kunye nokuziphendukela kwezobuchwepheshe, le nto yangoku yayikhona kunxibelelwano lwedijithali.

Okwangoku, le ntshukumo, eyaziswa kwi-digital age, iye yasuka kuzo zonke izinto eziphathekayo okanye ezingcolileyo kwaye igcine ingcambu ephuma kubunyani kunye nokwakhiwa okusebenzayo kakhulu.

I-Brutalism kuyilo lwewebhu ibisoloko isebenza. Enye yezona webhusayithi ziqhelekileyo luluhlu oludumileyo lweCraigslist. Yintoni abaqulunqi abaninzi abangaziyo kukuba xa besebenzisa izixhobo ezilula kunye neziluncedo, bagxininisa le ndlela kwiiprojekthi kunye nemisebenzi yabo.

Iimpawu xa kuthelekiswa nezo zendlela yokwakha ziye zachazwa kakhulu kwi-typography kunye kwiinketho zombala ezahlukeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, azisekho i-monochromatic.

Brutalism: ngoku

Namhlanje, inkohlakalo ibuyele kwiingcambu zayo zokwakha. Kwixesha ledijithali, kunokwenzeka ukujonga isikrini esingenanto apho ukuthungwa kunye nemibala efihliweyo. Lonke uhlelo luyasuswa kwaye iifonti zedijithali kunye nomfanekiso wesikweri uyaboniswa.

I-Brutalism kunye noyilo lwegraphic

I-Brutalism kuyilo lwegraphic yayikhona enkosi kwisandulela sayo, Isitayile saseSwitzerland okanye esaziwa njengesitayile samazwe ngamazwe. Isitayela esivelele kakhulu kwiminyaka ye-50. Esi sitayela saziwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nengqiqo ekuyilweni kwayo. Ngoko ke, basondela kwiinkalo zokusebenza ngakumbi kwaye basuka kude nobugcisa.

Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchasana kokuchwetheza kunye nemigca eyalelweyo, ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe iimilo zejiyometri ezilula nezingqukuva, iimilo ezibhalwe ngqindilili, izikrini ze-halftone, ukufotwa kwezithuba kunye nokuthungwa kwezinto ezivela kwi-architecture.

Abaqulunqi okanye amagcisa

uthomas danthony

Ungumyili wemizobo kunye nomzobi owazalelwa eFransi kodwa useLondon. Ukusukela oko waphumelela iwonga lekamva eliqaqambileyo, uze kungqina ukuba ungomnye wabona bantu bathembisayo nabanobuchule bokuzoba. Abathengi bayo ngabona banamandla: iM&C Saatchi, iMicrosoft, iNokia kunye neLittle White Lies. Iyingxenye yendlela yoyilo lwe-brutalist kwaye igcina iingcambu zesitayile saseSwitzerland ngenxa yeemilo zejometri.

Umsebenzi wakhe usoloko uqulathe ibali elomelezwe kukusetyenziswa kokukhanya ngobuchule okuvumela imifanekiso ukuba ibalise ibali kwakunye nokwenza umbukeli acinge.

U-Ernst Keller

UErnst Keller wazalwa ngo-1891 eAarau, eSwitzerland. Wafunda ubugcisa kunye noncwadi kwaye ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe njengomyili wenza iipowusta zeKunstgewerbemuseum yaseZurich, yezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neelogo ezininzi ze-heraldic.

Umsebenzi wakhe njengomyili ukwaxatyiswe kakhulu kwi-typography kunye noyilo lwegraphic kuyilo lwezakhiwo. Kodwa, ukuba uErnst Keller ubalulekile kwinto ethile, kungenxa yomsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi-ntsapho kunye nempembelelo emangalisayo awayenayo kubafundi bakhe abaninzi.

Ngo-1918, uKeller waqala ukufundisa uyilo kunye nokuchwetheza kwi-Kunstgewerbeschule eyaziwayo (iSikolo soBugcisa obuSetyenzisiweyo) eZurich, apho waqhubeka de wathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-1956, emva kwamashumi eminyaka efundisa abayili abancinci abaphuhlisa isimbo saseSwitzerland ngexesha le-50s. U-Ernst Keller uthathwa ngokuba ngutata wesitayile saseSwitzerland, esathi kamva sabizwa ngokuba siSitayile sokuchwetheza saMazwe ngaMazwe.

Oku kungenxa yenani elikhulu labafundi bakaKeller abathi kamva babumba kwaye basasaza olu hlobo loyilo. Igalelo lika-Ernst Keller kuphuhliso lwemigaqo yokufundisa entsha kuqeqesho loyilo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Enyanisweni, wayengumyili wenkqubo yokuqala yoqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo loyilo lwegraphic kwihlabathi.

Iminyaka yakhe emininzi yokufundisa phakathi kuka-1918 kunye no-1956 ibangele abayili abahluke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukho abalinganiswa boyilo lwegraphic entsha njengoRichard Paul Lohse, uJosef Müller-Brockmann kunye noCarlo Vivarelli okanye iitalente ezahlukeneyo zomfanekiso wezobugcisa ezifana noHeiri Steiner, uLora Lamm okanye uK. Domenic Geissbühler, kunye nabaqulunqi bezinto ezintsha ezifana noHermann Eidenbenz okanye Gérard Miedinger .

 UMax Bill

Ubengomnye wamagcisa apheleleyo kwaye asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwixesha lethu. Ebonwa njengengqondi yehlabathi jikelele, wasebenza njengomzobi wezakhiwo, umzobi, umkroli, umyili, utitshala kunye nezopolitiko phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe zonke izifundo ziye zadityaniswa, kwakungekho ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi kobugcisa kunye neminye imisebenzi, yonke into yayiyinxalenye yengcamango efanayo yehlabathi.

Wazalwa ngo-1908 eWinterthur, idolophu ekumgangatho wabasebenzi kufutshane neZurich, apho wayeza kuya kufundela umsebenzi wegolide kwisikolo seCraft. ngaphambi kokuba aqalise izifundo zakhe ngo-1927 eBauhaus, apho amanani omgangatho kaVasili Kandinsky, uPaul Klee, uJosef Albers, uLászló Moholy-Nagy kunye noWalter Gropius babefundisa. UBill wayehlala iminyaka emibini eDessau, ngexesha apho wadibanisa imfundiso yesikolo, kwaye wachaza imigca jikelele yomsebenzi wakhe.

Isiphelo

Ukuba ufikile apha, ndiyathemba ukuba ufundile kwesi sishwankathelo esikubonise sona. Kwaye uyintoni ngakumbi malunga nezakhiwo okanye malunga nobudala bedijithali?