Tsarin hoto

Tabbas fiye da sau daya, yayin da kake binciken yanar gizo, ka ci karo da wasu nau'ikan hoto wanda baiyi kama da kai ba. A zahiri, kwanan nan kwanan nan zaka iya ganin canji tunda a cikin injin binciken hoto (Google, misali), lokacin adana hoto, jpg ɗin da aka saba gani bai bayyana ba, amma gidan yanar gizo. Kuma akwai siffofin hoto da yawa.

Amma, Menene fasalin hoto da gaske? Nawa ne su? Kuma waɗanne ne aka fi amfani da su? A yau, muna magana game da su.

Menene fasalin hoto?

Tsarin hoto, wanda aka fi sani da fayilolin fayil ɗin hoto, a zahiri hanya ce ta adana wannan hoton ba tare da matse shi ba, kodayake ana iya matsa shi (asara ko a'a ba) ko kuma a sauya shi zuwa vector.

A takaice, muna magana ne game da fayil na dijital wanda ya ƙunshi duk bayanan da ake buƙata don hoton don ƙirƙirar su. Wannan bayanan pixels ne, tunda shine ya sanya hoton. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan pixels an yi su da ragowa da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don tantance launin hoton. Saboda haka, gwargwadon sifofin, hoto na iya zama mafi kyau ko mafi munin inganci.

Ire-iren tsare-tsaren hoto

A Intanet zaka iya gano cewa mafi yawan lokuta galibi jpg (ko jpeg), png ko gif. Amma a zahiri akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan tsarin hoto. Muna magana game da kowane ɗayansu.

JPEG, JPG, JFIF

Daga cikin wadannan kalmomin, wanda zaka san mafi karancin sa tabbas shine na karshe, tunda ba kasafai ake ganin sa a Intanet ba. Koyaya, dukansu suna yi Magana game da Haɗa Groupungiyar Masana Hotuna, ko menene iri ɗaya: JPEG.

Abin da yake yi shine matse hoto mai rasa bayanai don ya yi nauyi sosai. Don yin wannan, yana amfani da tsarin JFIF, JPEG Tsarin Musanya Fayil.

Wannan sanannen abu ne akan Intanet kuma yana da alamun masu zuwa:

• 8-bit grayscale
• 24-bit hotuna masu launi (yana amfani da rago 8 ga kowane launi RGB (kore, ja, da shuɗi).
• Matsalar asara (wanda ke taimakawa rage shi).
• Rushewar zamani. Wato, lokacin da aka shirya su kuma aka adana su sau da yawa sai su rasa inganci.

Akwai bambancin, wanda ake kira JPEG 2000. Wannan na iya ba da damar asara ko asara amma ba sananne ba. A zahiri, ana amfani dashi kawai don shirya fim da rarrabawa, misali, don jigon silima.

TIFF

Wannan sunan yana nufin Tsarin tambarin fayil. Tsari ne mai sassauci wanda zaka iya samu akan Intanet azaman TIFF ko TIF, duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun hakan ba.

Daga cikin abubuwanda yake dasu akwai:

• Iya iya adana hotunan da aka matse tare da ko asara.
• Ba a tallafawa cikin masu bincike na yanar gizo da yawa.
• Specificauki takamaiman wurare masu launi, kamar CMYK, OCR, da dai sauransu.

GIF

GIF, ko Tsarin Canjin Zane, yana ɗayan Tsarin hoton da aka fi amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar rayarwa galibikamar yadda yake ba ka damar rikodin fayilolin hoton motsi. Koyaya, ba'a keɓance wannan ba, ana amfani dashi don hotuna saboda yana matsewa ba tare da asara ba, ma'ana, yana kiyaye ƙimar hoton da kuka ajiye a wannan tsarin.

An bayyana shi ta hanyar adana duk bayanan hoto a cikin teburin da ake kira palette mai launi, wanda zai iya ƙunsar launuka har 256 (rago 8). Suna da sauƙin samun su akan Intanet, kodayake galibi ana amfani dasu don tambari (ba tare da asalin yadda zai bayyana ba), rayarwa, zane zane, da dai sauransu

PNG

PNG yana tsaye Networkaukan Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa. Da farko ba ayi amfani dashi ko'ina (muna magana ne game da 1996) amma yanzu zaka iya samun hotuna da hotuna cikin wannan yanayin cikin sauki.

Daga cikin siffofinsa akwai:

• Damfara hotuna ba tare da asara ba.
• Bada zurfin launi har zuwa rago 24 (kuma ba 8 ba misali na waɗanda suka gabata).
• Yana da tashar alpha 32-bit.
• Ba zai iya haifar da rayarwa ba.
• Yana karɓar abubuwan buɗe ido da na juzu'i.

A halin yanzu Yawanci ana amfani dashi akan hotuna da zane-zane, tambura, hotuna marasa asara, hotunan da ke buƙatar nuna gaskiya, da dai sauransu.

PSD

Wannan nau'in fayil shine wanda an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar Adobe Photoshop (ko makamancin haka). Ana amfani da shi don adana hoton da mafi inganci, ba tare da rasa ɗayan aikin da kuka sami damar yi ba. A zahiri, yana da fa'ida cewa yana adana komai, gami da canje-canje, yadudduka, salo ... ta irin wannan hanyar da zaku iya sake maimaita ta daga baya idan ba ku gamsu da sakamakon ba tare da farawa daga tushe.

Matsalar ita ce ba za ku iya ganin waɗannan nau'ikan hotunan a cikin burauzar ba, ana iya buɗe su kawai tare da takamaiman shiri don sanya su aiki.

WebP

Tsarin hoto na gidan yanar gizo yana daya daga cikin mafi karancin sanannun, amma wanda zaka iya samu akan Intanet yanzu. Shin Tsarin da ke adana hoton tare da ɓarkewar matsewa ba tare da hasarar hoto ba.

Makasudin wannan tsarin shine a sami karami karami don haka, a cikin sakamako, ya loda shafin da sauri. Google ne ya tsara shi, yana dogara ne akan tsarin shigar ciki cikin VP8 kuma yana da akwatin RIFF.

SVG

SVG yana tsaye Siffar Siffar Hoto. Yana ɗaya daga cikin sifofin hoto wanda kuka sami kyauta gaba ɗaya kuma hakan yana mai da hankali ne akan vectors. Kamar yadda yake tare da GIF, haka nan zaku iya rayar da wasu hotuna tare da SVG. Matsalar kawai ita ce cewa waɗannan nau'ikan tsarin har yanzu ba su da tallafi ta hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a.

Tsarin Hotuna: EPS

EPS an Rubuta PostScript. A gaskiya, tsari ne wanda ƙirƙira Adobe, amma PDF yana maye gurbinsa.

Tsarin hoto: BMP

BMP tana nufin Bitmap. Yana ɗayan tsarukan da aka fara amfani dasu a cikin shekaru 90 kuma waɗanda aka keɓance da yin su compressions tare da sosai kadan asarar inganci, wanda ke nuna cewa girman kowane fayil yayi girma sosai (a dawo ma ƙudurin hoton ya zama cikakke).

Yau har yanzu ana amfani dashi, kodayake ƙasa da sauran tsare-tsaren hoto.

Sauran formatsananan sanannun tsarin

Baya ga waɗanda muka ambata, akwai wasu tsare-tsaren hoto waɗanda ba a san su sosai ba, amma a ƙwarewa, ana iya amfani da su sosai. Wadannan su ne:

• Exif. Wannan fayil ɗin kama da JPEG da TIFF. Abinda yake yi shine rikodin bayanai masu yawa kamar saitunan kyamara, lokacin da aka ɗauki hoto, digiri na fallasa, da sauransu.
• PPM, PGM, PBM ko PNM.
• HEIF.
• RASHI.
• AI