A matsayinka na mai tsara zane, wataƙila ka taɓa cin karo da Art na ASCII, wanda aka fi sani da fasahar rubutu, lokaci-lokaci. Wannan nau'in zane yana amfani da alamun rubutu don ƙirƙirar hotuna tare da su.
Amma, Menene fasahar ASCII? Waɗanne nau'ikan akwai? Ta yaya za a yi hakan? Duk wannan da ƙari shine menene, a ƙasa, zamu tattauna da kai, tunda wannan fasaha ta ASCII ta fi kasancewa a yau fiye da yadda kuke tsammani.
Menene ASCII Art
ASCII fasaha ta fito ne daga lambar ASCII. Labari ne game da Lambar Ba'amurke (don ma'anarta, American Standard Code for Information Exchange) wanda aka ba da shi a tsarin haruffa wanda ke musayar bayanai. A wasu kalmomin, muna magana ne game da kayan aiki kamar haruffa. An fara amfani da wannan lambar tare da yin amfani da waya.
Musamman, dole ne mu waiwaya kan Bell, wanda ya yi niyyar amfani da lambar bit-shida ta hanyar ƙara alamomin rubutu da ƙananan haruffa zuwa lambar da suka riga suka yi amfani da ita, ta Baudot. Koyaya, daga ƙarshe ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙaramin kwamiti na Hukumar Kula da Ka'idodin Amurka (ASA) don ƙirƙirar ASCII.
Lambar farko da ta bayyana da aka buga a karon farko ita ce a shekarar 1963, inda aka ga wata kibiya a maimakon na biyar mai lankwasawa (^), yayin da aka sanya kibiyar ta ƙasa a maimakon jakar.
A tsawon shekaru, da yawa daga cikin alamun sun canza. A halin yanzu, ANSI x3.4-1986 shine mai mulki (duk da cewa akwai gyara a 1991 wanda bai canza lambar ASCII ba kwata-kwata.
A zahiri, lambar ASCII ta fi rikitarwa fiye da fasahar ASCII kanta, tunda wannan ƙwararren horo ne kawai na yan tsiraru waɗanda ke da alhakin tsara kowane hoto dangane da haruffan ASCII masu bugawa. Sakamakon ya yi kamanceceniya da abin da za a cimma tare da dabarar ma'ana, tare da kyakkyawan ra'ayi idan ana lura da hoto daga nesa fiye da na kusa.
Wannan ya zama sananne sosai ga wakiltar hotuna kuma a zamanin yau akwai shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda zasu ba ku damar ƙirƙirar wannan nau'in zane, da bidiyo.
Tushen fasahar ASCII
ASCII zane yana dogara ne akan lambar musamman, abin da ake kira lambar ASCII. Kuma shine kowane hali, harafi, na musamman ... ana iya wakilta tare da lambobi daga 00 zuwa 255. A zahiri, idan kuna son sanin dukkansu, mun bar muku gidan yanar gizon da zaku iya same su duka.
Ainihin lambar 7-bit ta faɗi mai zuwa:
- Wannan daga 0 zuwa 31 ba a amfani dashi don haruffa, amma waɗanda suke na «sarrafawa».
- Wannan 65 zuwa 90 manyan haruffa ne.
- Daga 97 zuwa 122 za'a sami ƙananan haruffa.
Nau'in fasaha na ASCII
Yawancin lokaci, fasahar ASCII ta samo asali kuma nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban sun fito, kamar waɗannan masu zuwa:
Layi
Layin layi na ASCII shine wanda, maimakon amfani da lambar lambobi, abin da yake yi shine amfani da layuka, wani lokacin sirara, wani lokacin digo, wani lokaci tare da sanduna da dige ...
Yana da kyau don yin zane mai sauƙi da ƙananan tunda tunda, ya fi girma shi, ƙila ba za a iya ganin sa gaba ɗaya.
M
A wannan yanayin, Madadin keɓance wani hoto na abin zane, abin da yake yi shine «launi shi», amma ta amfani da lambobin wannan. Yana aiki sosai don matsakaici da manyan hotuna, kodayake a ƙananan, idan dai suna da sauƙi da sauƙi, ana iya amfani da su.
Grayscale
Matakan toka yana amfani da tushe ɗaya kamar na sama, fasaha mai ƙarfi ta ASCII. Koyaya, suna amfani da haruffa daban-daban, ba kawai a cikin lamba ba har ma a cikin launi mai lamba, don ƙayyade hotuna tare da inuwa. Saboda haka, shine mafi dacewa don zana fuskoki da shi.
Wannan dabarar ita ce mafi rikitarwa, kodayake sakamakon yana da ban mamaki sosai.
Lambobin kira
Wannan nau'in fasaha na ASCII ba sananne bane sosai. Duk da haka kuma akwai shi. Kuna iya ganin tabbacin wannan a cikin Alice a littafin Wonderland. Wani zaɓi shine ƙirƙirar shayari ko rubutu wanda, daga nesa, za a iya kallon dabba ko abu.
A zahiri, akwai wasu rukunin yanar gizo inda zaku iya samun nasarar wannan ta hanyar sanya kalma ko jumla.
Sauran nau'ikan fasahar ASCII
Ba za mu iya mantawa da ambaton sauran zane-zane na ASCII ba, yawancinsu bambance-bambancen ne ko haɗuwa da waɗanda suka gabata.
Bambanci tsakanin fasahar ASCII da fasahar ANSII
Daya daga cikin manyan kuskuren da mutane sukeyi shine tunanin cewa fasahar ASCII da fasahar ANSII iri daya ne. Amma ba gaskiya bane.
A gaskiya ASCII shine asalin, daga inda aka samo asalin ANSII, wanda shine wanda ke ba da izinin amfani da ƙarin haruffa (na MS-DOS) da ƙarin launuka (har zuwa launuka 16).
Yadda ake ƙirƙirar zane-zane na ASCII
Ana iya ƙirƙirar zane-zanen zane na ASCII ta amfani da lambar ASCII amma kuma ta amfani da wasu haruffa ko alamu. A zahiri, zaku iya ƙirƙirar shi da kanku, ko dai tare da editan hoto ko editan rubutu. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da maɓallan maɓallin keyboard, manufa don ƙirƙirar silhouettes na adadi.
Wani zaɓi shine amfani Haruffa na musamman na Unicode, wanda ke ba da babbar gudummawar gani ga sakamakon.
Game da shirye-shirye, zaku iya zaɓar zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, misali:
Torch Soft ASCII Art Studio
Wannan edita ne don ƙirƙirar ƙirƙirar fasahar ASCII mai sauƙi. Har ma yana iya canza hoto da wannan fasaha.
BG ASCII
Idan abin da kuke nema editan hoto ne wanda ke amfani da wannan fasaha, to lallai ne ku gwada wannan shirin. Kyauta ne, kamar na da, kuma ba zai shagaltar da ku da yawa ba.
Textizer Pro
Ingantaccen shirin don maida hoto zuwa haruffa da kalmomi. Hakanan zaka iya ƙirƙirar mosaics daga ɓoye da wannan fasahar.
Mai Hali
Wani shirin wanda zamu iya ba da shawarar canza hotuna zuwa fasahar ASCII.
Yadda ake ƙirƙirar fasaha ta ASCII tare da Kalma
Idan kana da Kalma, OpenOffice, LibreOffice ko makamancin haka, zaka iya ƙirƙirar zane da kanka da wannan lambar. Yanzu, dole ne kuyi la'akari da wasu fannoni:
- Zaɓi rubutu mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, muna ba da shawarar cewa kuyi fare akan Times New Roman, Georgia, Arial, Verdana, Comic Sans, Tahoma ...
- Idan zaku yi amfani da haruffa na musamman, kuna buƙatar amfani da font wanda da gaske yana da su duka, kamar Arial ko Calibri.
Ga wasu misalan sakamakon da zaku samu.
