Launuka wani yanki ne da ba makawa ga duniyarmu. Duk abin da muke tabawa, gani ko ji suna da launi. Bugu da kari, mun koyi yadda ake kara launuka a hotuna a lokacin makarantar sakandare ta amfani da launuka iri daban-daban. Launuka na firamare - waɗanda a da ake kira da launuka na asali - su ne kyakkyawan tsari, dangane da amsar kwayar halitta ta kwayoyin halitta masu karba a cikin idanun dan adam zuwa gaban wasu mitocin haske da tsoma bakin su.
Da wannan a zuciya, tambayar koyaushe menene launuka na farko? Wadanne ne suka samar dashi? Akwai cakuda launuka na farko? Daban-daban na makarantun firamare? Ta yaya zamu sami launin ruwan kasa? Za mu amsa waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin jagorar tabbatacce don haka kada ku kara nisa. Ara duk waɗannan shakku a cikin labarin ɗaya
Don kar ku manta, ku tuna akwai wannan labarin a alamominku, don haka zaku iya tuna komai lokaci ɗaya.
Menene launuka na farko?
Duk wani masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta, mai tsarawa, mai haskakawa zai gaya maka cewa RGB ko CMYK kuma dukansu suna da inganci. Amma ba su yarda da yadda muke kallon sa ba.
Launi na farko, wanda aka fi sani da m shine wanda baza'a iya samun sa ba ta hanyar haɗa wasu launuka. Wannan ya fito ne daga yadda muke gani ta idanuwa. Kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa haske da launin launi daban-daban. Don haka akwai shakku da yawa game da shi. A zahiri, kafin sanin waɗannan hanyoyi biyu da aka raba ta bangarorin da suke nuni da su, an san RYB (Ja, Ja da shuɗi) -Ya, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoton. Ba mu yi kuskure ba.
Tunanin farko ne na launuka na farko, a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX kuma wanda ya ba da hanyar CMYK na yanzu. Kuma an maye gurbinsa da na roba da ci gaban fasaha ta hanyar sarrafa kwamfuta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yanzu ba a ɗauka cewa yana cikin dangin launuka na farko ba.
Launuka na farko cikin haske sune RGB (Ja, Kore da Shuɗi) kuma launuka na farko don launi sune CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Rawaya da baƙi)
Hadawar launi na farko
Dangane da launin launi zamu iya cewa launuka na farko sune CMYK, wanda aka fassara zai zama Cyan, Magenta, Rawaya da Black. Haɗa waɗannan launuka yana haifar da launuka masu zuwa:
- Magenta + rawaya = Launin lemu
- Cyan + rawaya = Koren
- Cyan + magenta = Violet
- Cyan + Magenta + Rawaya = Baki
Game da launuka na farko waɗanda haske ya bayyana, za mu ba su kalmar RGB wanda aka fassara zai zama Ja, Kore da Shuɗi. Zasu iya fada cikin cakuda wadannan launuka masu zuwa na launuka na biyu:
- Green + shuɗi = Cyan
- Ja + shuɗi = Magana
- Ja + kore = Rawaya
- Ja + shuɗi + kore = Fari
Zamu iya lura, banbancin haɗakar launuka uku na farko na CMYK tare da RGB shine ɗayan ya ƙare a baki ɗayan kuma ya ƙare da fari. Abu mai ban dariya shine bisa ga ingantattun sifofi guda biyu, dukkanin makircin launi suna da cikakkiyar wasiƙa: launuka na biyu na samfurin RGB sune launuka na farko na CMYK, kuma akasin haka.
Akalla a ka'ida, tunda a aikace wannan ba za'a iya la'akari dashi a zahiri ba. Saboda yanayin halittar dan adam wanda yake haifar da tabarau daban-daban kuma ba ingancin haske bane. Daga qarshe, launi ba ya wanzuwa domin yana wanzuwa, ya zama tsinkayenmu game da shi.
Wheelafafun launi na farko
Kuma aka sani da Da'irar Chromatic hanya ce ta wakiltar launuka a cikin tsari gwargwadon nauyin su. Watau, sanya launukan farko gefe da gefe da cakuɗa su yana haifar da tabarau daban-daban (launuka na sakandare da na jami'a). Wannan abu ne mai sauki a bayyana a yau. Domin duk wani mai amfani da shi yana da tsarin gyaran hoto a kwamfutarsa. Muna magana ne game da Photoshop amma yana iya zama kowane.
Ta danna maballin launi, zamu ga yadda wannan da'irar ta chromatic ke faruwa. A da ya kasance wani abu mai rikitarwa don gani, Newton ya ƙirƙira kasancewar launuka na farko da na sakandare kuma Goethe ya ƙirƙira ƙafafun launuka na farko a cikin 1810. Wannan ƙafafun an canza shi zuwa canje-canje da yawa, har sai ya daina zama madauwari gabaɗaya kuma ya zama dodecagrams. Charles Blanc a cikin 1867 ya ƙirƙira su kuma ana iya ganin su da bambanci sosai.
Yadda ake launin ruwan kasa da launuka na farko
Wannan koyaushe aiki ne mai wahala ga duk waɗanda suka fara fenti. Na sake maimaita cewa abu ne mai sauki ka sami lambar hex ko RGB a google ka rubuta shi a Photoshop. Amma wannan ba mai sauƙi ba ne a cikin haɗin launuka na halitta kuma ya sami wannan tasirin.
Ganin cewa launin ruwan kasa ba launi bane, saboda ba ya daga cikin hasken haske. Haɗin launuka ne, wanda za'a iya cimma shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne ku yi la'akari da wane sautin launin ruwan kasa ne wanda kuke son samu, saboda dangane da wannan sautin dole ne ku bi hanya ɗaya ko wata.
RYB ya sake bayyana
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kafin muyi magana game da wannan haɗin launuka na farko. Kodayake a yau ga alama ya tsufa, yana da mahimmanci a san irin damar da take da shi. A wannan yanayin, shuɗi, rawaya da ja a cikin sassa daidai haɗe da taɓa fari. Wannan cakuda zai baku sakamako mai ruwan kasa. Ka tuna cewa idan ba ainihin inuwar da kake nema ba, zaku iya hade rawaya domin inuwa mai haske ta fito, kuma mafi yawan launin ja ko shuɗi duhu zai fito.
Orange da Shuɗi
Launin lemu, kamar yadda muka yi bayani a baya, ba launi bane na farko. Babu ɗayan damar yin sa (CMYK, RYB, RGB). Wannan shine dalilin da yasa zamu fara samun sa ta farko kamar haka:
Muna amfani da ja - ja sosai - da 10% rawaya don samun lemun da ake so. Zamu hada wannan launi, yanzu haka, tare da shudi 5%. Wanne za mu sami launin ruwan hoda na gargajiya. Idan kuna buƙatar shi da duhu, ƙara yawan shuɗi da wuta, mafi yawan adadin lemu. Dogaro da buƙata.
A ƙarshe samu tare da Kore da Ja
Wannan launin ruwan kasa zai fi ja, kamar yadda yake a baya tare da lemu, koren launi ma ba na farko bane. Haɗa sassan daidai rawaya da shuɗi don samun shi. Da zarar an gama cakuda, sai a hada da jan kadan kadan. Don haka zaku ga canjin launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa a cikin asalin da kuke so. Yi hankali tare da overdoing shi, don kar ku tsalle sautin da ake so. Don komawa baya, ƙara kore, amma wataƙila wannan bai dace da kyau ba.