Tarihin swastika ya wuce baya fiye da ma'anar bakin ciki da cike da ta'asar da Adolph Hitler ya aikata a Jamus. A haƙiƙa, swastika yana nufin, kuma yana nufin, cikakken akasin abin da wannan hali ya haɗa da alamar. Amma ka taba jin shi?
A yau muna son mayar da hankali kan ku sanin tarihin swastika. Idan kun yi mamakin dalilin da ya sa, za mu gaya muku cewa dole ne mai zane ya san asalin kowace alama. Domin wani lokacin wannan yana canzawa sosai kamar yadda wannan ya yi.
Asalin swastika
Kowa yana danganta swastika a matsayin alamar Nazi Jamus. Koyaya, kaɗan ne suka san cewa an yi amfani da wannan tuntuni. A cewar masana tarihi, an sami wasu abubuwa masu ɗauke da wannan alamar. Musamman, wadanda muka iya samu sune kamar haka:
Tsuntsun da aka zana tare da zane na swastikas masu tsaka-tsaki. Bisa ga gwajin carbon da aka yi masa, an san shi tun shekaru 15000.
- Swastikas masu sauƙi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da al'adun Neolithic Vinca a kudu maso gabashin Turai, kwanan wata zuwa shekaru 7000 da suka gabata. Ana tunanin cewa wata hanya ce ta bayyana lamba 13, a matsayin swastika, ta makiyayan Djowi (Iran ta yau).
- Tukwane mai yumbu tare da swastikas tun shekaru 4000.
- Tsabar kudi daga Mesofotamiya ta dā waɗanda suke da wannan alamar kuma waɗanda suka yi shekaru 3000 baya.
Duk wannan zai iya ba ku ra'ayi cewa swastika ba Hitler ya ƙirƙira shi ba. Kuma ba shi da wannan bakin ciki, zalunci da "baƙar fata" ma'anar da aka ba shi ita ma.
Menene ma'anar swastika?
Abu na farko da ya kamata ku sani game da tarihin swastika shine yana da ma'ana. Asalinsa ana danganta shi ga Hindu kuma an san cewa kalmar ta fito ne daga Sanskrit suastíka, wanda ke nufin "mafi kyau" (mai kyau, mai kyau). Saboda haka, ma'anar swastika ta kasance tabbatacce; Ya zo ne don nuna nasara, jin dadi, arziki, sa'a ...
Idan muka raba kalmar, an yi ta ne da kalmomi guda biyu:
- Su, wanda ke nufin mai kyau ko sosai.
- asti, wanda shi ne mutum na uku na fi'ili da ya zama.
Saboda haka, za mu iya fassara shi a matsayin mai kyau, lafiya, ko, kamar yadda aka sani, "lafiya."
Akwai wasu sunaye da ake iya sanin su da su, kamar haka:
- Swastika.
- Ketare crampon.
- Tetraskel.
- Wan. Wannan na ƙarshe ya cancanci ɗan ƙara magana tunda a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi a China azaman halayen Sinanci (yana da alaƙa da lamba 10.000).
Kafin Hitler, alama ce ta maraba sosai
Kuma ba kawai maraba ba, amma yawancin sanannun sanannun sun yi amfani da shi. Alama ce da ke wakiltar sa'a mai kyau da sa'a. Alal misali, Coca-Cola, ta yi amfani da ita a wasu tallace-tallace da aka sanya a cikin shaguna. Carlsberg kuma sun yi amfani da shi a cikin kwalabe. Har ma akwai wata mujalla mai suna Swastika wacce kungiyar ‘yan mata ta Amurka ke gudanarwa (irin su samarin mata). Kuma an aike da tambari mai wannan alamar ga wadanda suka sanya hannu a kungiyar, baya ga ba da kyautar ga wadanda suka fi sayar da su.
Hatta sojojin Amurka sun saka shi da alfahari. An buga wannan hatimi a kan jirgin saman Royal Air Force.
Aƙalla, har sai da Hitler ya bayyana kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa ma'anar duhu, rashin tausayi da rashin jin dadi.
Dalilin da ya sa Hitler ya zaɓi swastika a matsayin alama
A cewar masana tarihi, a ƙarshen 30s, yawancin malaman Jamus sun tabbata cewa akwai kamance tsakanin Jamus da Sanskrit. Wasu ma sun yi tunanin cewa Indiyawa da Jamusawa suna da kakanni guda, sai labari ya fara yin tasiri inda suke tunanin tseren mayaka ne. Zan.
Irin wannan tabbaci ne na wannan ra'ayin cewa yawancin ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa sun yanke shawarar dacewa da swastika, suna ba da ma'anar "farin kai na ƙasa" da kuma nuna shi a kan mutanen Yahudawa, wanda a gare su ya kasance wani abu mai "ƙazanta tushensu mai tsabta da na makomarsu. "..
Hitler ne wanda a ƙarshe ya ba shi zane wanda yanzu ya firgita mutane da yawa. A cikin Mein Kampf, Hitler ya rubuta:
«A halin yanzu, bayan yunƙurin ƙididdigewa, na kafa tsari na ƙarshe; tuta mai jajayen bango, farin faifai da baƙar swastika a tsakiya. Bayan dogon gwaji, na kuma sami rabo na ƙarshe tsakanin girman tuta da girman farar faifai, da kuma siffar swastika da kauri."
A lokacin ya zama alamar farfagandar Nazi kuma alamar da ta saba wa asalinta. Haka ne, ga Jamusawa alama ce ta girman kai da ɗan ƙasa; amma ga Yahudawan yana nufin murkushewa, tsoro da mutuwa kawai.
Swastika, alama ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin al'adu da yawa
Idan kuna tunanin cewa swastika alama ce ta gabas kawai ko kuma a cikin Turai ta kasance kawai a zamanin Nazi, gaskiyar ita ce kuna kuskure. A gaskiya, an san cewa ya bayyana a wurare da yawa na Turai. Akwai Hellenanci, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon binciken swastika, a Gabashin Turai ... Wanda ya gaya mana cewa alamar ta riga ta kasance a can na dubban shekaru, ko da yaushe tare da ma'ana mai kyau.
A halin yanzu, ana iya ganin wannan alamar a cikin fasahar Romane, Romanesque da Gothic, a wuraren da suka shahara kamar Amiens Cathedral, a Faransa, ko kusa, a cikin Cathedral na Valencia (Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙarfe). .
Mosaics, friezes, vases, tsabar kudi, temples ... kuma har ma yana cikin wasu al'adu da bukukuwan Hindu, inda alamar har yanzu tana riƙe da wannan ma'anar mai kyau wanda ke neman jin dadin duk wanda ya sa shi.
Siffofin biyu na swastika
Shin kun san cewa swastika yana da siffofi biyu daban-daban?
- Swastika, wanda ke da hannu na sama yana nuni zuwa dama kuma an ce saboda yana juya agogo.
- Sauvástica, wanda ke da hannu na sama zuwa hagu (saboda haka yana jujjuya agogo baya).
A cikin duka biyun alamar tana da jimlar ɓangarorin 20, yana mai da ita icoságono mara daidaituwa. Wanda aka fi sani shine baƙar fata, amma a zahiri yana da wasu launuka masu yawa kamar ja, orange, blue ...
Yanzu ka san kadan game da tarihin swastika. Kuna tsammanin zai kawar da ma'anarsa mai duhu?