Chokwadi kanopfuura kamwe chete, paunenge uchitsvaga paInternet, wawana imwe fomati yemifananidzo iyo yaisanzwika senge iwe. Muchokwadi, munguva pfupi yapfuura iwe waigona kuona shanduko kubvira muinjini yekutsvaga mifananidzo (Google, semuenzaniso), pakuchengeta mufananidzo, iyo yakajairika jpg haina kuoneka, asi webp. Uye kune akawanda mafomati emifananidzo.
Asi, Ndezvipi mafomati emifananidzo chaizvo? Pane zvakawanda sei? Uye ndeapi anonyanya kushandiswa? Nhasi, tinotaura nezvavo.
Chii chinonzi mafomati emifananidzo?
Mifananidzo yemifananidzo, inozivikanwawo semafomati emafaira emifananidzo, iri nzira yekuchengetera iyo yemifananidzo pasina kuimanikidza, kunyange ichikwanisa kumanikidzwa (kurasikirwa kana kusatambisa data) kana kushandurwa kuita maveji.
Muchidimbu, tiri kutaura nezve a digital faira rine rese data rinodikanwa kuti chifananidzo chiumbwe. Iyi data mapikisheni, nekuti ndizvo zvinogadzira mufananidzo. Imwe yeaya mapikisheni akaumbwa nenhamba yemabhititi ayo anoshandiswa kuona ruvara rwemufananidzo. Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nemafomati, mufananidzo unogona kuve nehunhu kana hwakaipisisa mhando.
Mhando dzemafomati emifananidzo
PaInternet unogona kuona kuti zvakajairika kazhinji jpg (kana jpeg), png kana gif. Asi chaizvo kune akawanda marudzi emhando mafomati. Tinotaura nezveumwe neumwe wavo.
JPEG, JPG, JFIF
Pamashoko aya, yauchazoziva kushoma hapana mubvunzo kuti ndeyekupedzisira, nekuti hazvisi zvakajairika kuiona paInternet. Nekudaro, vese vanoita revo yekujoinha Photograghic Nyanzvi Boka, kana chii chakafanana: JPEG.
Izvo zvazvinoita kumanikidza mufananidzo kurasikirwa nedata kuti ihureme zvishoma. Kuti uite izvi, inoshandisa iyo JFIF fomati, JPEG File Shanduko Fomati.
Izvi ndizvo zvakajairika paInternet uye zvinozivikanwa neinotevera:
- 8-bit pfumbu
- 24-bit mifananidzo yevaravara (inoshandisa mabiti masere kune yega RGB ruvara (girini, tsvuku, uye bhuruu).
- Kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza (izvo zvinobatsira kuti zviite zvidiki).
- Kushatiswa kwerudzi. Ndokunge, kana ivo vakagadziriswa uye vakachengetedzwa kakawanda vanorasikirwa nehunhu hwakawanda.
Pane musiyano, unonzi JPEG 2000. Izvi zvinogona kubvumira kurasikirwa kana kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza asi hazvizivikanwe. Muchokwadi, inoshandiswa chete mukugadzirisa mafirimu uye kugovera, semuenzaniso, yemafirimu mafirimu.
TIFF
Iri zita rinoreva Tagged Image File Fomati. Iyo fomati inoshanduka iyo iwe yaunogona kuwana paInternet seTIFF kana TIF, kunyange zvisiri zvakajairika.
Pakati pezvinhu zvainazvo ndeizvi:
- Kukwanisa kusevha yakadzvanywa mifananidzo pamwe kana pasina kurasikirwa.
- Kwete kutsigirwa mumabhurawuza mazhinji ewebhu.
- Inobata yakatarwa mavara nzvimbo, senge CMYK, OCR, nezvimwe.
GIF
GIF, kana Graphics Kuchinjana Fomati, ndiyo imwe yeiyo anowanzo shandiswa mafomati emifananidzo ekugadzira akawanda mafichasezvo ichikubvumidza iwe kurekodha inofamba maficha maficha. Nekudaro, haina kusarudzika yeiyi, inoshandiswawo kune mafoto nekuti inomanikidza pasina kurasikirwa, ndiko kuti, inochengetedza mhando yemufananidzo waunochengeta mune ino fomati.
Inozivikanwa nekuchengetedza ruzivo rwese rwemufananidzo mutafura inonzi iyo palette pendi, iyo inogona kuve nemazana anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu (256 bits) Iwo ari nyore kuwana paInternet, kunyangwe iwo achinyanyo shandiswa marogo (isina kumashure kuita kuti ive pachena), mifananidzo, clip clip, nezvimwe.
PNG
PNG inomirira Inotakurika Network Graphics. Pakutanga yanga isiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya (isu tiri kutaura nezva1996) asi ikozvino unogona kuwana mifananidzo nemifananidzo zviri nyore nemhando iyi.
Pakati pezvikamu zvacho ndezvi:
- Compress mifananidzo pasina kurasikirwa.
- Govera kudzika kwemavara anosvika makumi maviri nemana mabiti (uye kwete iwo masere semuenzaniso weakare apfuura).
- Iyo ine 32-bit alpha chiteshi.
- Iyo haigone kuburitsa mifananidzo.
- Inogamuchira kujeka uye semi-pachena.
Iye zvino Inonyanya kushandiswa pamifananidzo uye mifananidzo, marogo, mapikicha asina kurasikirwa, mafoto anoda kujekesa, nezvimwe.
PSD
Rudzi urwu rwefaira ndiyo iyo iyo inogadzirwa kuburikidza neAdobe Photoshop (kana zvakafanana). Iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo chifananidzo nehunhu hwepamusoro, pasina kurasikirwa nechero rebasa rawakakwanisa kuita. Muchokwadi, ine mukana wekuti inochengetedza zvese, kusanganisira shanduko, zvidimbu, masitayera ... nenzira yekuti iwe ugone kuidzokorodza gare gare kana iwe usina kugutsikana nemhedzisiro usina kutanga kubva pakutanga.
Dambudziko nderekuti iwe haugone kuona aya marudzi emifananidzo mubrowser, iwo anogona chete kuvhurwa nechero chirongwa chekuita kuti vashande.
WebP
Iyo WebP mufananidzo fomati ndeimwe yeasina kuzivikanwa, asi iyo iwe yaunowana nyore nyore paInternet izvozvi. Ndiyo fomati iyo inochengetedza iyo chifananidzo ine dissipated compression uye isina kurasikirwa nemufananidzo.
Chinangwa chemafomati aya kuve nehukuru hushoma kuitira kuti, mukudzoka, itakurise peji nekukurumidza. Yakagadzirwa neGoogle, inoenderana neiyo VP8 intra-encoding fomati uye ine RIFF mudziyo.
SVG
SVG inomirira Scalable Vector Graphics. Iyo ndeimwe yemafomati emifananidzo aunowana akasununguka zvachose uye anotarisisa kunyanya pamavecitor. Sezvo neGIF, iwe unogona zvakare kuratidza mimwe mifananidzo neSVG. Dambudziko rega nderekuti aya mafomati haasati atsigirwa nemasocial network.
Mafomati Emifananidzo: EPS
EPS yakavharidzirwa PostScript. Chaizvoizvo, iri fomati iyo yakagadzira Adobe, asi iyo PDF yaiitsiva.
Mafomati emifananidzo: BMP
BMP inomirira Bitmap. Iyo ndeimwe yemafomati ayo akatanga kushandiswa muma90s uye ayo aionekwa nekugadzira kumanikidza nekurasikirwa kushoma kwehunhu, izvo zvaireva kuti saizi yefaira rega rega yaive yakakura kwazvo (mukudzoka resolution yemufananidzo yaive yakakwana).
Nhasi ichiri kushandiswa, kunyangwe iri shoma pane mamwe mafomati emifananidzo.
Mamwe mafomati mashoma anozivikanwa
Kunze kweavo vatataura, kune mamwe mafomati emifananidzo asinganyanyo kuzivikanwa, asi nehunyanzvi, anogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Izvi ndeizvi:
- Exif. Iyi faira yakafanana neJPEG uye TIFF. Izvo zvainoita kurekodha yakawanda data senge kamera marongero, apo pikicha yakatorwa, degree rekuburitsa, nezvimwe
- PPM, PGM, PBM kana PNM.
- HEIF.
- RAW.
- KU.