Kana iwe uri mutori wemifananidzo kana kushanda nemifananidzo, chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga zvaunofanira kuziva ndezve mafomati mafoto. Neiyi nzira, iwe unozoziva kuti ndeapi mapurogiramu ekushanda nawo kana maitiro ekuchengetedza iwo mafoto kuitira kuti achengetedze akanakisa mhando.
Unoda kuziva kuti chii chiripo? Uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo ndechei? Wobva watarisa izvo zvatakagadzirira kuti iwe uzive zvese zvingangoitika.
Chii mafomati mafoto
Nemafoto mafomati tinonzwisisa kuti ndizvo nzira iyo mafoto anochengetwa mukati mekombuta, piritsi, mbozhanhare, laptop kana chengetedzo yekunze, zvakadai sedhisiki rekunze, flash drive, cd kana dvd. Iyo isystem iyo mapikseli ese anoumba mafoto anochengetwa nedigital.
Nenzira iyi, mifananidzo yakawanda inogona kutakurwa pasina chikonzero chekudhinda kana kuibvisa. Kuti uvaone, unongoda mudziyo unogona kuratidza iwo mapixels.
Ndeapi mafomati emifananidzo aripo?
Tevere tichazotaura nezve akasiyana mafomati aunogona kuwana. mamwe anonyatsozivikanwa asi mamwe akanyanya kunanga kune nyanzvi kana zvirongwa zvakakosha.
JPG
JPG zvinoreva Joint Photographic Nyanzvi Boka. Iyo fomati iyo iyo foto inodzvanywa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira nenzira yekuti iyo faira inorema zvishoma. Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kuimanikidza zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, asi izvi zvinokanganisa kuipa kana kunaka kwemufananidzo.
Chokwadi, une chinhu chakanaka uye chakaipa. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti inoenderana nechero mapurogiramu ekugadzirisa mifananidzo. pamwe nemabhurawuza, software, nharembozha, makomputa, nezvimwe.
Zvakapesana, JPG mafaera haagadzirike, uye nguva imwe neimwe yakachengetedzwa, kunyange iwe uchida kuita chimwe chinhu nemufananidzo, icharasikirwa nehutano kusvikira isingataridziki zvakanaka pakupedzisira. Ndicho chikonzero chimiro ichi chinoshandiswa kumufananidzo wekupedzisira, kureva, iyo yausingachafaniri kubata.
GIF
Iyo GIF ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mafomati mafomati, kunyangwe ichiwanzo kubatanidzwa nekufambisa mifananidzo (chimwe chinhu icho mamwe mafomati haagone kuita).
Acronyms anobva Graphic Kuchinjana Fomati uye ane dambudziko rekuti inongochengeta 8-bits yeruzivo, kureva, 256 mavara. Chero bedzi mapikicha asina mavara mazhinji, anogona kunge ari iwo.
Nekudaro, sezvatakamboratidza, maGIF mafomati vanowanzo tarisa paanimation, saka haisi iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kumifananidzo (haisiwo kushandiswa kuchengetedza kunaka kwakanaka mavari).
PSD
PSD format zvinoreva photoshop gwaro uye ndiyo iyo iyo Photoshop chirongwa chinoshandisa kuchengetedza mapurojekiti ayo uye kukwanisa kuagadzirisa gare gare pasina kurasikirwa chero mhando. Uye ndezvekuti inochengetedza maseru, chiteshi, nezvimwe. saka iwe unogona kubata zvakare chikamu chaicho chaunoda, uye kwete chifananidzo chose zvakare.
Kunyangwe paine mamwe mapurogiramu anogona kuvhura mafaera aya, kazhinji haadaro aine ese maficha uye zviri nani kuishandisa chete kana uine chirongwa. Zvikasadaro zviri nani kuichengeta mune mamwe mafomati.
Zvakare, iyi faira haiverengeke nemabrowser, maseva, nezvimwe. asi unofanira gara uchichishandura kuita JPG kana PNG kuitira kuti chiremerwe uye chinoratidzwa nemazvo.
BMP
Zvekuchengetedza mafoto, pasina kupokana, imwe yeakanakisa iBMP. Zvinoreva Windows Bitmap uye yave kushandiswa kubva 1990. Chainoita kudzvanya mapixels asi, kusiyana nemamwe mafomati, mune iyi kesi haipe pixel yega yega kukosha kwemavara. Ndicho chikonzero ivo vakakura zvakanyanya muhukuru kupfuura vamwe uye inokodzera chete kuchengetedza mafoto, asi kuishandisa pamawebhusaiti, mavhidhiyo, nezvimwe. inogona kunge yakanyanya kurema.
PNG
Iyo PNG faira zvinoreva Inotakurika Network Graphics. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekumanikidza mufananidzo asi, kusiyana neJPG, yaisazorasikirwa nemhando. Mukuwedzera, kujekesa kunogona kushandiswa, chimwe chinhu chisingaitiki nezvose zvakapfuura.
Dambudziko chete rainaro nderekuti faira rinogona kunge rakakura uye zvinoreva izvozvo shandisa nzvimbo yakawanda kana kutora nguva yakareba kuisa kune webhusaiti. Ndicho chikonzero nei vakawanda vanoita kushandura mufananidzo iwoyo kuJPG kuti uzviite (asi vanochengeta PNG yakachengetwa kuti ishande nayo).
TIFF
Iyi fomati inotaridzwa kudhinda mufananidzo wedigital nemhando yepamusoro. Uye ndezvekuti nazvo, ane acronym inomiririra Tagged Imaged File Format, mhando inokunda zvimwe zvese.
Iyo haina kumanikidza zvakanyanya, saka inorema zvakanyanya. Chii chimwe, hapana mapurogiramu akawanda kana vaoni (kunyangwe mabhurawuza) anokwanisa kuiverenga.
Ehe, kuti mafoto abude nemhando yepamusoro, iyi ingangove fomati yakanaka.
HEIF
Acronym HEIF ndeye High Efficiency Image File Format, kana muchiSpanish, chimiro chefaira chemhando yepamusoro. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo fomati inobvumira iyo yepamusoro mhando yemufananidzo kuti ichengetwe kunyangwe kana yakamanikidzwa.
Kutaura zvazviri, zvinonzi iyo compression yakapetwa kaviri iyo yeJPG asi mhando yacho zvakare kaviri.
Dambudziko nderei? Izvo kusvika parizvino hazvitsigirwe nemabrowser uye mamwe mapurogiramu. Nekudaro, inogona kuve imwe yemafomati anoshandiswa nenharembozha kuchengetedza mafoto emhando yepamusoro.
RAW
Iyi ndeimwe ye mafomati anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nevanotora mifananidzo nekuti vazhinji vanogadzira kamera vanoshanda nayo, senge Kodak, Olympus, Canon, Nikon...
Kubatsira kwairi kuita ndeyekuti inogona kupa anosvika 16384 mimvuri pachiteshi chemavara, ndiwo mabhiti gumi nemana, pachinzvimbo che14 ayo mafomati emifananidzo anowanzo kuve nawo.
Inokupa mimwe mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro asi mafaera anowanzo kurema uye zvakare haawanzo kuverengwa nyore semamwe ataratidza.
Uye pane ese mafomati mafoto, ndeapi akanakisa?
Iye zvino zvaunoziva mafomati akasiyana emifananidzo, ungasaziva kuti ndeipi yekushandisa, kana imwe kana imwe iri nani.
Muchiitiko chedu, isu tinokurudzira kuti ushandise JPG kana PNG, ari mafomati maviri ane kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya (nekurasikirwa muJPG, pasina kurasikirwa muPNG) uye saizi yefaira inokwanisika.
Nekudaro, zvese zvinoenderana nezvido zvaunazvo kana kana iwe uchifanirwa kuratidza chaiyo mufananidzo kana rudzi rwefomati kumutengi.
Zviri pachena kwauri nezvemafoto mafomati?