Nhoroondo ye swastika inoenda kumashure zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinoreva zvinosuruvarisa uye izere nehutsinye hwakaitwa naAdolph Hitler muGermany. Chaizvoizvo, iyo swastika yaireva, uye zvinoreva, kupesana kwakakwana kweizvo uyu munhu akaisirwa nechiratidzo. Asi makambozvinzwa here?
Nhasi tinoda kutarisa kwauri kuziva nhoroondo ye swastika. Kana iwe uchishamisika kuti sei, isu tichakuudza kuti mugadziri anofanira kuziva kwakabva chiratidzo chese. Nekuti dzimwe nguva iyi inochinja zvakanyanya sezvakaita uyu.
Kwakabva swastika
Munhu wose anobatanidza swastika sechiratidzo cheNazi Germany. Zvisinei, vashomanana vanoziva kuti izvi zvakashandiswa kare kare. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa zvine chiratidzo ichi. Kunyanya, iwo atakwanisa kuwana ndeaya anotevera:
Muviri weshiri wakavezwa nedhizaini yemaswastika akabatana. Zvinoenderana nekuyedzwa kwekabhoni kwayakaiswa, inozivikanwa kuti yakadzoka makore gumi nemashanu ezviuru.
- Swastikas dzakareruka dzine hukama neNeolithic Vinca tsika muSoutheast Europe, yakanyorwa makore 7000 apfuura. Inofungidzirwa kuti yaiva nzira yekuratidza nhamba ye13, se swastika, nevafudzi veDjowi (Iran yemazuva ano).
- Mapoto evhu ane swastikas ane makore 4000 apfuura.
- Mari dzemuMesopotamia yekare dzine chiratidzo chimwe chete ichocho uye chekare makore 3000 XNUMX apfuura.
Zvose izvi zvinogona kukupa pfungwa yokuti swastika haina kugadzirwa naHitler saizvozvo. Uye yakanga isina izvo zvinosuruvarisa, hutsinye uye "dema" zvinoreva kuti yakapihwa kwairi zvakare.
Chii chinonzi swastika?
Chinhu chekutanga chaunofanira kuziva nezvenhoroondo yeswastika ndeyekuti yaive nezvainoreva. Mabviro ayo anonzi ndeechiHindu uye zvinozivikanwa kuti izwi rinobva kuSanskrit suastíka, zvinoreva kuti "yakanyanya kunaka" (yakanaka, inodiwa). Naizvozvo, revo yeswastika yakanga yakanaka; Zvakauya kuzoratidza kubudirira, kugara zvakanaka, rombo rakanaka, rombo rakanaka...
Kana tikapatsanura izwi, rinoumbwa nemashoko maviri:
- Su, zvinoreva zvakanaka kana zvakanyanya.
- asti , anova munhu wechitatu muumwe wechiito kuva.
Nokudaro, tinogona kuishandura sezvakanaka, zvakanaka, kana, sezvinowanzozivikanwa, "kugara zvakanaka."
Kune mamwe mazita aanogona kuzivikanwa nawo, akadai seanotevera:
- Swastika.
- Cross crampon.
- Tetraskel.
- Wan. Iyo yekupedzisira inokodzera kutaurwa zvishoma sezvo ikozvino ichishandiswa muChina sechimiro cheChinese (ine hukama nenhamba 10.000).
Pamberi paHitler, chakanga chiri chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa zvikuru
Uye kwete chete kugamuchirwa, asi akawanda anozivikanwa mabhureki akaishandisa. Yaiva chiratidzo chaimiririra rombo rakanaka uye rombo rakanaka. Coca-Cola, somuenzaniso, yakaishandisa mune zvimwe zviziviso zvakaiswa muzvitoro. Carlsberg vakaishandisawo mumabhodhoro avo. Paitova nemagazini yainzi Swastika yaifambiswa neGirls Club of America (yakaita semaboycouts echikadzi). Uye mabheji ane chiratidzo ichi akatumirwa kune avo vakasaina kirabhu, mukuwedzera kune avo vakatengesa zvakanyanya.
Kunyange mauto eUnited States akazvipfeka nokudada. Izvi zvakadhindwa paRoyal Air Force ndege.
Zvirinani, kusvikira Hitler aita chitarisiko uye akachiisa kune yakasviba, hutsinye uye isingafadzi zvinoreva.
Chikonzero nei Hitler akasarudza swastika sechiratidzo
Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, pakupera kwema30, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzeGermany dzakava nechokwadi chokuti pakanga pane kufanana pakati peGermany neSanskrit. Vamwe vakatosvika pakufunga kuti maIndia nemaGermany vaiva nemadzitateguru akafanana, uye nyaya yakatanga kuitika yavakafungidzira rudzi rwevarwi vechichena. Ndinga.
Ndiko kwaiva kutendiswa kweiyi pfungwa kuti mapoka mazhinji emarudzi akasarudza kugadzirira swastika, achiipa chirevo che“rudado rwenyika” uye kuchiratidzira kurudzi rwechiJudha, avo kwavari vakanga vari chimwe chinhu “chaisvibisa mavambo avo akachena uye ayo eramangwana ravo. "..
Akanga ari Hitler akazozvipa magadzirirwo ayo zvino ari kutyisa vakawanda. MuMein Kampf, Hitler akanyora kuti:
«Zvichakadaro, mushure mekuedza kusingaverengeki, ndakasimbisa fomu yekupedzisira; mureza une ruvara rutsvuku, dhisiki chena uye swastika nhema pakati. Mushure mekuedza kwenguva refu, ndakawanawo chiyero chekupedzisira pakati pehukuru hwemureza uye saizi yedhisiki chena, pamwe nechimiro nekukora kweswastika."
Panguva iyoyo yakava mufananidzo weparaganda yeNazi uye chiratidzo chaipesana zvachose nekwakabva. Hongu, kuvaGermany kwaiva chiratidzo chokudada norudzi; asi kuvanhu vechiJudha zvaingoreva kudzvinyirirwa, kutya uye rufu.
Swastika, chiratidzo chinoshandiswa mutsika dzakawanda
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti swastika inongova chiratidzo chekumabvazuva kana kuti muEurope yakanga iripo chete munguva yeNazi, chokwadi ndechokuti iwe hauna kururama. Chaizvoizvo, inozivikanwa kuti yakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEurope. Kune maGreece, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon zvakawanikwa zve swastika, muEastern Europe ... Iyo inotitaurira kuti chiratidzo chakanga chave chiripo kwezviuru zvemakore, nguva dzose ine chirevo chakanaka.
Parizvino, chiratidzo ichi chinogona kuonekwa muRoma, Romanesque uye Gothic art, munzvimbo dzine mukurumbira seAmiens Cathedral, muFrance, kana pedyo, muValencia Cathedral (Gedhi reSimbi).
Mosaics, friezes, vases, mari, temberi ... uye inotova chikamu chedzimwe tsika dzechiHindu nemhemberero, apo chiratidzo chichiri kuchengetedza izvo zvinoreva zvakanaka zvinotsvaga kugara zvakanaka kune ani zvake anopfeka.
Iyo miviri miviri ye swastika
Waiziva here kuti swastika ine maumbirwo maviri akasiyana?
- Swastika, iyo ine ruoko rwepamusoro rwakanongedza kurudyi uye inonzi imhaka yekuti inotenderera newachi.
- Iyo sauvástica, iyo ine ruoko rwepamusoro kuruboshwe (uye saka inotenderera inopesana newachi).
Muzviitiko zviviri izvi chiratidzo chine zvikamu makumi maviri, zvichiita kuti icoságono isingaenzaniswi. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye dema, asi muchokwadi ine mamwe akawanda mavara akadai tsvuku, orenji, bhuruu ...
Iye zvino iwe unoziva zvishoma nezvenhoroondo ye swastika. Unofunga kuti zvichabvisa zvazvinoreva rima here?