Kune mamwe mazano atinofanira kunzwisisa uye kugona kana tichida kuve chikamu chenyika yekutora mifananidzo nenzira yakakomba uye nehunyanzvi. Kana iwe uchizvizivisa pachako munyika ino, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvikamu izvo chishamiso mudziyo wauchazoshandisa kuita rako basa.
Kutanga tichataura nezve zviviri zvakakosha uye zvine musoro zvinhu: Iyo yekuvhara uye diaphragm.
Kubvongodza:
Inowanzo kuratidzwa nenzira isiri chaiyo se "shutter kumhanya" mumakamera. Iyo shutter ndicho chishandiso chinodzora iyo inguva yenguva iyo mwenje icharova iyo sensor yekamera yedu. Iyi nguva yekuratidzira inogona kusetwa mumitengo, uye yega yega kusvetuka pakati peimwe yeiyi tsika inonzi nhanho. Aya maitiro anowanzo kubva ku Masekondi makumi matatu uye 30/1 yechipiri mumakamera ane simba kwazvo. Tinogona kusiyanisa maviri marudzi enguva dze shutter:
- Pfupi yekuvhara nguva: Iwo anowanzo kuve asingasviki 1/60 masekondi uye mune aya shutter inoramba yakavhurika kwenguva pfupi kwazvo saka icharega mwenje mushoma upfuure kune yedu sensor. Mhedzisiro yacho ichagara iri yechando, ndiko kuti, kudzikisira kunoonekwa mukufamba.
- Yakareba shutter nguva: Iwo anowanzo kuve akareba kupfuura 1/60 masekondi. Muchiitiko ichi, shutter inoramba yakavhurika kwenguva yakareba kuti mwenje wakakura kuwire kuburikidza. Kana nguva refu yekuratidzira ichishandiswa, chinotsvakwa chiitiko chemweya, kana icho chekunzwa kwekufamba. Pese patinoshandisa nguva refu yekuvhara, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa katatu, sezvo kufamba kwese, kunyangwe kuri kudiki sei, kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro huru pamifananidzo yedu.
Dhiaphragm uye f-nhamba:
Iyo diaphragm chishandiso chinopa lens yeiyo kugona kuenzanisa chiyero chechiedza achipinda mukamuri. Zvichienderana nedanho rayo rekuvhura kana kuvhara, mwenje mukuru kana mushoma unopinda. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinzvimbo zvemuchina uyu chinoratidzwa kuburikidza nenhamba f, inova iyo reshiyo iri pakati pehurefu hwenzvimbo uye pakureba kwemupendero wedhayaphiramu. Sezvauchaona, diaphragm inotevera maitiro akafanana neiyo iris yeziso rako iyo inodzora huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda uye chinobuda.
Idzi f nhamba ndidzo dzinotevera uye dzinowanikwa kuburikidza nesvomhu dzakateedzana dzinowanikwa nekuwanza 1 uye 1,4 na2, kunyange zvichikwanisa kuoneka sechikamu. 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22 ...
1 X 2 = 2, 2 x 2 = 4, 4 X 2 = 8, 8 X 2 = 16, 16 X 2 = 32 kana 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 kuti uwane zvakasara unofanira kuita zvakafanana ne1,4 , 1.4 uye iwe uchawana 2.8, 5.6, 11, 22, XNUMX ...
Kunyangwe pfungwa iyi iine kudzama kwakanyanya, kunyanya kubva pakuona kwesainzi uye kwemasvomhu panguva ino uye kana urikupinda mazviri, kuziva zvarinoreva nemashandisiro aro mune zvinoshanda pabasa redu sevateereri zvichave zvakaringana.
