Iincwadi ezili-15 zabayili ekufuneka uzifunde kwaye uzifunde kwakhona

Esinye sezixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubayili ziincwadi. Ezi zinokukunceda uziqeqeshe, kodwa ufunde neembono zabanye abaqulunqi. Kodwa, Zeziphi ezona ncwadi zilungele abaqulunqi?

Ngezantsi sikunika ezinye zeencwadi zabayili ekufuneka uzifunde kwaye wazi ukuze uphucule umsebenzi wakho kwaye ngokubanzi ukuba uyathanda ukuyila.

UYilo lwezoShishino A–Z

Ukuba unomdla omncinci kuyilo lwebrashi yakho yamazinyo, imbali emva komatshini wakho wokuhlamba okanye ukuvela komnxeba, uya kuba nomdla ngakumbi kule ncwadi intsha. Lo mqulu ubanzi ulandelela abaqulunqi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kunye neenkampani ezikhokelwa kuyilo, kunye nemifanekiso engaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yoyilo.
Abaqulunqi ngabanye kunye neefemu zoyilo zinokuboniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Industrial Design AZ icandelo, eligubungela amaphepha angama-550; Apha uya kufumana ubuntu obunje ngoEnzo Ferrari, uPhilippe Starck, uZanussi kunye neApple Computer, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi. Icandelo le-Case Studies lilandela imbali yezixhobo zemihla ngemihla ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, libonisa ukuba, umzekelo, umatshini wakho wokuhlamba ulwenze njani uhambo olunomdla ukusuka kwibhawu yomthi enegiya kunye neekranki ukuya kwityhubhu emhlophe ebukekayo namhlanje. Kwabo banomdla kwicala lobuchwephesha boyilo lweshishini, kukho icandelo elithi "Imixholo kunye neMathiriyeli", leyo izalathisela uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo ezifana neplywood, amandla omphunga kunye neeplastiki, kwaye yazisa izihloko ezisuka kwipakethe kunye nophawu ukuya kwiCAD.
Igcwele umbala, i-aesthetics kunye nesitayela, i-Industrial Design ifundisa kwaye imnandi; "Kuza kuba nzima kuwe ukuyishiya."

Ukungahambelani, indlela ukubandakanywa koyilo loyilo, itekhnoloji kunye noluntu

Ngamanye amaxesha Izinto eziyilwe zala abasebenzisi bazo: imawusi yekhompyutha engasebenziyo kubantu abasekhohlo, umzekelo; okanye inkqubo yokuhlawula isikrini esichukumisayo esisebenza kuphela kubantu abafunda izivakalisi zesiNgesi, abanombono we-20/20, kwaye basebenzise ikhadi lekhredithi. Into elula njengokhetho lombala inokwenza imveliso ingasetyenziswa kwizigidi.

Umzobo wexesha langoku

«Le ncwadi ibonelela okokuqala ngqa inkcazo ebanzi yencwadi enemifanekiso kwiLatin America kwixesha le-1920-1940, inqanaba elibonakaliswe kuphuhliso kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto zayo zanamhlanje.
Ziyaveliswa kwakhona kwaye zihlalutywe, kwiingxelo zelizwe kunye nezelizwekazi, ngaphezu kwewaka leentlelo zokuqala ezinemifanekiso, ukwandisa iimbekiselo zeencwadi ezaye zangenelela ngokucacileyo amagcisa akuLatin America eYurophu naseUnited States ebudeni baloo minyaka.
Ukongeza ekufumaneni imisebenzi encinci eyaziwayo ngabadali abaninzi abasekiweyo, umfundi uya kuba nakho ukufumana irepertoire ebanzi yamagcisa e-avant-garde alityelwe ngokupheleleyo kude kube namhlanje.
Ngokujonga okunqamlezayo, ukunqumla iisampulu ezivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, izahluko zinikezelwe kwimixholo ethile efana ne-Word-Image, Verbovisualities, Pre-Columbianisms kunye ne-ancestralisms, kunye ne-Social Graphics.
Isibheno esikhulu esibonakalayo, le ncwadi idibanisa, ngaphezu kwezahluko ezibhalwe ngababhali, iitekisi ezithile nguJuan Manuel Bonet, uMarina Garone Gravier kunye noDafne Cruz Porchini.

Ingqondo yombala

«Le ncwadi ijongana nobudlelwane phakathi kwemibala kunye neemvakalelo zethu kwaye ibonisa indlela zombini ezingadityaniswanga ngayo ngengozi, kuba unxulumano lwabo aluyiyo nje imicimbi yokungcamla, kodwa ngamava endalo yonke amiliselwe ngokunzulu kulwimi lwethu nasekucingeni kwethu. Ibonelela ngesixa esikhulu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi malunga nemibala, njengamazwi adumileyo kunye nolwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwimveliso yoyilo, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwimibala, ukuphilisa ngabo, ukuguqulwa kwabantu, amagama kunye neefani ezinxulumene nemibala, njl. Le yantlukwano iyenza ibe sisixhobo esisisiseko kubo bonke abo bantu basebenza ngemibala: amagcisa, abanyangi, abayili bemizobo kunye nemizi-mveliso, abayili bangaphakathi, abayili bezakhiwo, abayili befashoni, abapapashi, phakathi kwabanye.

Imithetho elula

"Ubulula kunye nokukhanya kwezixhobo zombane ezifana ne-iPod zenze ukuba lula ukuthandwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, siye sizifumane sibambeke kwi-paradox: sifuna into elula nelula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ekwaziyo ukwenza zonke ezo zinto zintsonkothileyo esifuna izenze. Kwimithetho yokulula, uJohn Maeda ubonelela ngezitshixo: imithetho elishumi elungelelanisa ukulula kunye nobunzima kwishishini, iteknoloji kunye noyilo, kodwa nakubomi, kuba ngokutsho kukaMaeda le ncwadi ivakalisa umzabalazo wakhe wokuqonda intsingiselo. iteknoloji yabantu. Ibhalwe kunye nemigaqo efanayo ukuba postulate, Imithetho yokulula yincwadi enokufundwa kwindawo enye, eyonwabisayo kwaye inesibindi kungekuphela nje ngenxa yendlela yayo evusa inkanuko, yasimahla kunye nedlalayo kwiingxaki ezivela kwihlabathi eliya lisiba nzima, kodwa kwiprozi ethe ngqo necacileyo equlathe ngokugqibeleleyo ubuninzi bomthetho, inombolo ye-10, leyo i-Maeda ibiza ngokuba YINYE: Ukulula kubandakanya ukuthabatha into ecacileyo kunye nokongeza into ethile. "Wamkelekile kula mava okudala."

Yila ngegridi okanye ngaphandle kwayo

«Icatshulwe njengekhosi yoyilo, Ukuyila kunye nangaphandle kwegridi yahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amabini: eyokuqala ihlalutya igridi yokuchwetheza yemveli kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ngelixa eyesibini ibonisa indlela yokuyilungisa okanye, ngokulula, indlela yokusebenza ngaphandle kwayo.
Kwicandelo lokuqala, 'Ukuyila ngegridi', iintlobo ezisisiseko zegridi zibonisiwe, zibonisa kwaye zichaza ezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo kuyilo lwemveli. Ukhetho lweeprojekthi lubonisa indlela ezi gridi zicwangcisa ngayo ulwazi kunye nendlela abanokusebenza ngayo njengesakhelo sokuqulunqa.
Inxalenye yesibini, 'UkuYila Ngaphandle kweGridi', igxile kuyilo olucela umngeni kwiimbono zombutho ezisekelwe kwigridi. Emva kokuhlalutya ngokufutshane ukuchithwa kwesakhiwo, ibhloko yesibini yemizekelo inikezelwa, kule meko ibonisa indlela igridi ebuzwa ngayo okanye ishiywe ukuba ikhethe ezinye iindlela zokuqulunqa.
Uphononongo lwembali lubeka imisebenzi ekhethiweyo kumxholo wokuzivelela koyilo lwegraphic, ukwahlula ingqikelelo kunye neziseko ezisebenzayo zeendlela eziphononongwayo.
Bobabini abayili abasebenzayo kunye nabafundi abayilo baya kufumana kule ncwadi umthombo wempembelelo yoyilo lweeprojekthi zabo.

Isenzo se-Intuition kunye nokudala

«Zeziphi iindlela kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa umzobo? Kwinkqubo yoyilo, iikhonsepthi kunye nezisombululo zidla ngokuba ngumphumo wokusetyenziswa ngabom kweenkqubo ezithile. Phantsi kolwalathiso luka-Ellen Lupton, iingcali ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwihlabathi loyilo zihlola ezinye zezi ndlela zobuchule kule ncwadi kwaye zisinika isikhokelo esisebenzayo nesibonakalayo sokulungelelanisa uhlalutyo kunye ne-intuition kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi zoyilo lwegraphic.
Ulungelelwaniso malunga nezigaba ezithathu eziphambili zenkqubo yoyilo luchaza iingxaki, velisa izimvo kwaye uzinike intuition, indalo, isenzo. UkuCinga ngoYilo lomzobo kunikezela ngezixhobo ezingamashumi amathathu zokucinga kunye nokumisela iiprojekthi zegraphic ngokusesikweni: ukusuka kwiindlela ezikhawulezayo kunye nezethuku, ezinje ngokucebisana ngengqondo, unxulumano olunyanzelwayo okanye i-sprint, ukuya kwiinkqubo zophando ezisesikweni ngakumbi, ezinje ngamaqela eengxoxo, ukuyila ngokudibeneyo okanye iimockups.
Le ncwadi ibandakanya udliwano-ndlebe kunye neengcali ezaziwayo (ezifana no-Art Chantry, u-Ivan Chermayeff, uJessica Helfland, uSteven Heller, uMaira Kalman, u-Abbot Miller, uChristoph Niemann, uPaula Scher okanye uMartin Venezky) abathetha malunga nokuphefumlelwa kwabo kunye neendlela zophando, kunye nezibonelelo basebenzisa xa amandla okuqamba amanga.

cinga ngemifanekiso

«Xa sifunda imifanekiso, ingqondo yethu iqala inkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunokuba xa sifunda isicatshulwa. Ukukhupha intsingiselo yomyalezo obhaliweyo, ingqondo ixhomekeke kuvavanyo olulandelelanayo, iqhubela phambili ngokulandelelana kwaye yakha intsingiselo yesicatshulwa ukusuka kwisixa esiqhubekayo sezinto ezizenzayo: oonobumba, amagama, amabinzana kunye nemihlathi. Noko ke, ukuze siqonde umfanekiso, ingqondo isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngendlela efanayo, yokwenziwa kunye neyehlabathi, zonke iindawo zizonke ziyaqondwa kwaye zicutshungulwe ngaxeshanye, kwaye intsingiselo yomyalezo wegraphic idistilled kanye.
Ukuqonda, ke, ukuba umfanekiso kufuneka ucaciswe njani ukuze umamkeli, kumbono wabo uwonke, atolike into esifuna ukuyiveza ibalulekile kuye nawuphi na umdali wemifanekiso. Ukucinga ngeMifanekiso kuchaza indlela inkqubo yokuqonda imifanekiso esebenza ngayo kwaye ityhila kumfundi ezinye zezicwangciso zokuqulunqa kunye nesimbo ezinokusetyenziswa ngabayili bemizobo. U-Enric Jardí uthetha nathi malunga nezixhobo zobugcisa ezifana nokusetyenziswa kombala, isakhiwo, ifom okanye imiqondiso, kodwa malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemidlalo ye-rhetoric ebonakalayo efana ne-metaphor, i-irony okanye i-euphemism, kunye nokubaluleka kwesitayela sonxibelelwano olubonakalayo.
Ngokuhlalutya imifanekiso engama-60, ebonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule obuvela kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, umbhali akasiniki nje inxalenye yolwazi lwakhe, kodwa kunye nolonwabo lokunandipha imizekelo enobuchule yokunxibelelana okubonakalayo.

Okubalulekileyo. Uyilo kunye nezinye izinto ebomini

"Ndiyila nini? Ngalo lonke ixesha.
Izibane zakhe, izitulo zakhe zentonga kunye neebhentshi zakhe ze-Barcelona ze-iconic sele ziyinxalenye yeengcinga zethu, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ubanzi kakhulu, uhlala uqwalasela iimfuno zabantu kunye nengqiqo enzulu yokusebenza kunye ne-aesthetics. UMiguel Milá ukwayi-avant la lettre ecologist kunye nomkhuseli "wezinto ezibalulekileyo" kunye "neemvakalelo" njengezinto ezithatha isigqibo xa uyilwa.
Bekukho iincwadi ezifundisisa neziwuhlalutyayo umsebenzi wakhe, kunye ne-documentary ebalulekileyo, kodwa akuzange kube ngaphambili "i-Milá por Milá." Kwi-Essential, uMilá uthetha ngaye, umsebenzi wakhe, imigaqo yakhe kunye neengcamango zakhe, kodwa kunye nentsapho yakhe (ngoko idibene nembali yaseBarcelona), ubomi bakhe kunye nemfundo yabantwana bakhe.
Oku akusiyo incwadi yabaqulunqi, okanye nje abaqulunqi, iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zalo mculi ophumelele ibhaso ozichaza "njengomqambi kunye ne-bricoleur" unokutshintsha ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ngendlela efanayo, kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabafundi, it Benze iingcebiso zikaFerrán Adrià okanye imithetho kaMarie Kondo.
Le yincwadi ebalulekileyo yokucinga ngokutsha ngehlabathi lethu lobuqu; ukuzirhangqa ngezinto eziluncedo nezihle (“Isibane sicinywa ixesha elide kunokuba sikhanya,” uyasikhumbuza uMilá); ukuqaphela ukuphambuka koyilo (ezifana neesinki okanye izitya); ukuqonda oko kubaluleke ngokwenene (“Into elula entsonkothileyo”); ukwazi indlela yokuphila ngokuvisisana neziqalelo kunye nendalo, kodwa nabanye, ukuqala kunye nosapho lwethu ("Yiba luncedo kwaye baya kukusebenzisa").
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo lilifa lethiyori kunye nelibalulekileyo lomyili omkhulu waseSpain, umsebenzi wakhe uqinisekisa inkcazo ye "classic": into engenakwenziwa ngcono.

Logo uyilo uthando

"Ihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yandiswa, uhlelo lwesibini lwe-Logo kaDavid Airey's Logo Uthando luqulathe phantse yonke into eyenza uhlelo lokuqala lube lukhulu kakhulu: izifundo ezingaphezulu, imizobo engaphezulu, iilogo ezininzi, iingcebiso ezingaphezulu zokusebenza kunye nabathengi, amabali angaphakathi ngakumbi kunye nokunye. ulwazi olusebenzayo ukwenza umsebenzi wenziwe kwaye uwenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwi "Logo Design Love", UDavid ubonisa indlela yokuphuhlisa isazisi sophawu ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, kusetyenziswa izifundo zabaxumi ezivela kubayili abadumileyo. Kwinkqubo, ityhila indlela abaqulunqi benza ngayo iinkcazo ezisebenzayo, bavelise iingcamango, bahlawule ngomsebenzi wabo, kwaye basebenzisane nabathengi. UDavid akaneli nje ukwabelana ngamava akhe obuqu esebenza kwiiprojekthi zesazisi, kubandakanya imizobo kunye neziphumo zokugqibela zoyilo lwakhe oluyimpumelelo, kodwa usebenzisa umsebenzi wabaqulunqi abaninzi abaziwayo abafana noPaula Scher, owayila iilogo zeCiti kunye neMicrosoft Windows, kwaye Inkokeli yeLindon, umdali wesazisi sangoku seFedEx, kunye nomsebenzi wezitudiyo zokuyila eziphambili, ezinje ngeMoving Brands, Pentagram, MetaDesign, Sagmeister & Walsh, kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Iatlasi yoyilo lwangaphakathi

"I-Atlas yoYilo lwangaphakathi lukhenketho olukhuthazayo, olungazange lubekho ngaphambili lwehlabathi olungaphezu kwama-400 olunomtsalane lweendawo zokuhlala ukusuka kumashumi asibhozo eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ukusuka kwiklasikhi ukuya kwixesha langoku, ukusuka kwi-minimalist ukuya kwi-maximalist, izindlu ezikhethiweyo zisibonisa isitayile esisodwa sembali yazo. kunye nendawo, ngelixa abanye bacela umngeni kwimibono ethile yoyilo eneziphumo ezimangalisayo.
Izotywe ngeefoto ezimangalisayo kunye nesicatshulwa esichazayo kwiprojekthi nganye, le ncwadi iya kuba yeklasikhi xa ipapashwa.
Kubandakanya imisebenzi kaKelly Behunm Stèphane Boudin, Jacques Grange, Peter Marino, Brigette Romanek, Studio KO, Faye Toogood, Abel Vervoordt noKelly Weastler kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ezingaziwayo eOstreliya, eAfrika naseAsia.

Zive ukhululekile ekhaya

"Nokuba emva komngeni wokuhlala eluvalelweni uye waqonda ukuba indlu yakho inokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuncinci okanye ukuba ungomnye wabo bathanda ukuhombisa, le ncwadi ilungele wena. Phakathi kwamaphepha ayo uya kufumana iimbono ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokuguqula ikhaya lakho libe yindawo oziva ukhululekile kuyo.
Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu okanye uhlaziyo, unokusebenzisana noko sele unako ngokulungisa izinto ezincinci eziza kwenza umahluko.
Uya kufunda ukuchonga iindawo ekugxilwe kuzo ukuze uphucule indawo, ukudala umoya ofanelekileyo ngoncedo lokhetho lwakho lokuhombisa, ukukhetha imibala evusa iimvakalelo ezintle kuwe, ukuhlula kunye nokulungelelanisa ii-closets kunye neepantries ukwenza uninzi lwendawo yokugcina, ukuxhoma imifanekiso ngokufanelekileyo ukuze amagumbi abukeke abanzi kwaye ahambelanayo, kwaye achaze ngokucacileyo. indawo yokusebenza, nokuba unegumbi elithile okanye awunalo.
Ke ngoku uyazi, yiya emsebenzini ukwenza ikhaya lakho libe yindawo emnandi kakhulu yokuhlala.

Yila, dala, uzive. Amandla oyilo lwegraphic ukuvelisa iimvakalelo

«Kule ncwadi, umbhali ubonisa iimbono zababhali abaliqela kunye nabayili malunga nendlela yokuphumeza uyilo lwegraphic ngokweemvakalelo. Uyilo lweemvakalelo luyilo olubonakalisa indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ziimvakalelo kubuchule bomntu bokuqonda ihlabathi. Ngale ndlela, uyilo lomzobo lutyhilwa njengento enamandla ngakumbi kunesixhobo esilula ezandleni zongxowankulu ngokwayo: njengendlela enokuba sisiseko ekudaleni ulwazi kunye nokunyanzela abantu ukuba bathathe isikhundla kwimiba yentlalo, yezopolitiko kunye nendalo. Kukho ithiyori ezininzi ezithetha ngoyilo lweemvakalelo kwimveliso, kushishino kunye noyilo lwewebhu. Kodwa kuthekani ngoyilo lwegraphic? Le ncwadi ijolise ekusondezeni umzobi kuyilo lweemvakalelo.

Uyilo lwenkulungwane yama-20

«Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21 sinokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba yangaphambili yaphawulwa ngotshintsho olukhumbulekayo kwintsimi yoyilo. I-Aesthetics yangena kubomi bemihla ngemihla eneziphumo ezihlala zimangalisa. Amakhaya ethu kunye neendawo zokusebenza ziye zaba ziigalari zokwenyani zesitayile kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ukusuka kwifanitshala ukuya kwimizobo yobugcisa, apha sifumana wonke umsebenzi wamagcisa abumba kwaye aphinda awenza umhlaba wanamhlanje ngezinto ezidizzy ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukususela kwizinto eziphilayo ukuya kwijometri, ukusuka kwi-art deco ukuya kwi-pop kunye ne-teknoloji ephezulu, lo msebenzi uqulethe onke amagama amakhulu: uHarry Bertoia, uDe Stijl, uDieter Rams, uPhilippe Starck, uCharles noRay Eames, ukubiza nje ezimbalwa. Le ncwadi iyimfuneko luhambo oluhamba ngeemilo kunye nemibala, iiklasi kunye nemisebenzi yembali yoyilo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Isikhokelo esivela ku-A ukuya ku-Z sabayili kunye noyilo lwezikolo, kubandakanywa ne-portrait ebanzi yobomi beli xesha. Iboniswe kakuhle, olu luyilo ngeyona ndlela ipheleleyo.

Izinto ezili-100 EZINGAKUMBI Malunga nabantu Wonke umyili kufuneka Azazi

«Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo labayili. Zininzi izinto ezinokuthi zenziwe kwaye kufuneka ziyilwe. Ayisiyonto nje isoftware, iiwebhusayithi kunye nezicelo eziphathwayo, sikwacinga nangokuyila indlela yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji efakwe kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni ekhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ibhekiswe kubo, kuya kufuneka uyazi ipsychology yabathengi bakho. Uhlelo lokuqala lwale ncwadi «Uyilo olukrelekrele. Izinto ezili-100 malunga nabantu wonke umyili kufuneka azi» yaba nokwamkelwa okuphawulekayo eSpain kuba ifundise indlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezifunyenweyo zamva nje kwi-psychology, neuroscience kunye nophando lobuchopho. Isishwankathelo solwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nento ekufuneka uyazi umyili. Kodwa kule minyaka mine idlulileyo kuninzi okwenzekileyo. Le ncwadi iqulethe umxholo ongapapashwanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ufuna ukuhlala usexesheni, ezi ngcebiso ziya kukunceda uyile indalo yakho ngendlela esifunda ngayo, sisebenza, sicinga kwaye sidlala ngayo. Sisalathiso esitsha. Zonke izinto eziphathekayo zinokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.

Njengoko ubona, zininzi iincwadi zabayili. Ngaba ucebisa ukuba kwandiswe uluhlu lweencwadi? Sikufunda kwizimvo.