Xa ucinga ngee-comics, into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni yi-United States. Nangona kunjalo, inyani yeyokuba kukho iingcali ezininzi ezizinikele ekwenzeni amahlaya kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye baninzi abaziwayo bemifanekiso ehlekisayo yaseSpain.
Ukulinda, Ngaba wazi iiklasikhi kuphela? Kwaye ezinye kuphela? Emva koko jonga kolu luhlu siludibanise kunye nabazobi abaninzi abahlekisayo abafanele ukulandelwa kwaye bade babe yinkuthazo yakho ukodlula. Ngaba siqale?
UDavid rubin
Siqala ngenye yeemifanekiso "zanamhlanje" ze-comic zaseSpain. Wazalwa ngo-1977 kwaye uyayazi indlela yokuguqula isakhono sakhe sibe ngumsebenzi onempumelelo. Kuthiwa ibe nefuthe kwihlabathi lee-comics, imizobo kunye noopopayi.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, eyokuqala kuyo, i<em>Circus of Despair, yayiyibhombu ngenxa yebali yaye ingakumbi imizobo eyayinayo. Inyaniso, Wonyulwa njengombhali wesityhilelo kwiBarcelona International Comic Fair kwaye waphumelela imbasa yeCastelao.
Emva kwaloo nto ihlekisayo kwafika iGumbi leTea le-Sun Bear, elamzisela ukwamkelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Kangangokuba ngoku uDavid akazinikelanga kuphela kwiicomics. Ukwalathisa oopopayi kunye nokuba nobukho kwimarike yaseMelika kunye ne-comic, i-Ether kunye nezinye ezimbalwa.
UFrancisco Ibáñez
Ukwenza uludwe lwemifanekiso ehlekisayo yaseSpain kwaye ungababizi ngamagama kuphantse kuhlambele. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba u-Ibáñez wayenguyise wesikolo samahlaya eSpain. Kwaye hayi kancinci.
Amanyathelo akhe okuqala kolu hlobo kukupapasha amabali ahlekisayo kwiimagazini zeSpanish. Kwaye impumelelo awayenayo yayingangokuba wenza abalinganiswa bakhe "babeyi-fixture" kubo.
Ewe kunjalo, emva kokuba apho watsibela eyakhe yamahlaya kunye noMortadelo y Filemón, 13 Rue del Percebe, Rompetechos...
Ngelishwa, akasekho kuthi. Kodwa imisebenzi yakhe ihleli ukuze singamlibali.
UJavi Rey
Siyaqhubeka nababonisi abaninzi baseSpain abazinikele kwiicomics ukugxila kulo mzobi osebenza ngokuzimeleyo owaqala ukwaziwa ngemizobo yakhe. Ngokuziqhelanisa nenoveli i-Intemperie, waphumelela iMbasa yoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo kwiBarcelona Comic Fair ngo-2017.
Kwaye ukusuka apho ebesebenza kuhlengahlengiso oluninzi lweencwadi ezifana naleyo ye-An Enemy of the People, nguHenrik Ibsen apho, ngaphandle kweyelenqe elisekelwe kwixesha elidlulileyo, indlela eboniswa ngayo yenza ukuba kutsale umdla. ingqalelo eninzi.
UVictor Santos
Siyaqhubeka namanye amagama amakhulu kwiicomics ukukwazisa, ukuba awumazi, uVíctor Santos. Ungomnye wababonisi ababalulekileyo kwihlabathi, ngakumbi kuba ayinguye wonke umntu ochongelwe awona mabhaso abalulekileyo ahlekisayo kwihlabathi, i-Eisner kunye neHarvey.
Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili kaVictor yiFahrenheit 451, esekwe kwinoveli kaRay Bradbury. Kuye kwathiwa inemizekeliso edlamkileyo ebonakala iphila kweli bali. Nangona kunjalo, akukuphela kwento ekhoyo kwimarike. Ikwanayo nezityebi ezingcolileyo, amantombazana amabi, uthando olunobundlobongela…
UYesu Merino
Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ngomgudu nokuzimisela, unokufikelela encotsheni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungowaliphi na ilizwe. Yiloo nto uJesús Merino amele ukuba wayecinga ngayo, ummi waseSpain owathi, ngo-1998, wafumana ithuba lokuya eUnited States ukuba abe yi-inker kaCarlos Pacheco, omnye weyona mizobi yeencwadi ezihlekisayo zelo xesha.
Kwaye ke, kwiminyaka elishumi kamva yazenzela igama eUnited States ngongcelele lweJustice Society of America.
Usebenze ne-DC kwii-comics ezininzi, esenza amaqweqwe kunye nochungechunge lwe-Superman (I-New 52).
UJavier Rodriguez
Ngaphandle kokushiya i-United States, okanye inyani yokuzenza waziwe njengemifanekiso ehlekisayo yaseSpain, UJavier Rodríguez ungomnye walabo baye bakwazi ukufumana indawo kwimarike yaseMelika. Kwaye uyenzile ngokuqala abe ngumdlali wemibala eMarvel naseDC.
Emva koko kwafika ithuba lakhe lokuzoba uSuperman.
Kodwa ukuze enze oku kwafuneka azazise, yaye oku wakuphumeza ngephephancwadi i<em>El Víbora, eliphuma kwi<em>Ediciones La Cúpula, nelalimqalisele empumelelweni.
UCarlos Pacheco
Sikhe salikhankanya eli gama ngaphambili ngaphandle kokulinda. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba Ungomnye wabaseSpain owatyikitywa esuka eUnited States. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba waqala ukuzoba amaqweqwe eSpanish eMarvel comics. Abantu baseMelika babebathanda kangangokuba uMarvel kwafuneka amnike ukuba asebenze nabo.
Ngapha koko, ubekhona iminyaka emininzi kwaye esebenzisana neMarvel kunye neDC. Eyakhe yimizobo yee-X-men, i-Avengers, iGreen Lantern, iJustice League, iSuperman...
UJuanjo Guarnido
Mhlawumbi igama elithi Juanjo Guarnido alivakali liqhelekile kuwe, kodwa ukuba sithi iBlacksad izinto zingatshintsha. Eli ligama leyona mpumelelo yakhe inkulu, ibali awayeyazi indlela yokuzekelisa ngee-inki kunye nee-watercolors.
Noko ke, umsebenzi wakhe wawungelula. Wayenokusilela okuninzi njengomculi ohlekisayo. Ngoko waqala ukusebenza kwisitudiyo soopopayi eMadrid. Yiloo nto eyamvulela iingcango zokuya kwizitudiyo zeDisney eFransi, apho wayesebenza kwiifilimu ezifana neHercules okanye iHunchback yaseNotre Dame.
Wakhupha i-comic Blacksad kwaye yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, kangangokuba waphinda waphinda amava kunye namanye ama-comic aseYurophu afana ne-Brujeando okanye i-El Buscón de las Indias.
IPurita Campos
Kwaye siyaphela, kule meko, ngomzobi ohlekisayo waseSpain. Kuba ewe, ayizizo zonke ii-comics "zabantwana."
Kwimeko yePurita, Umsebenzi wakhe okhunjulwa kakhulu nguEstere kunye nehlabathi lakhe, uchungechunge lwamantombazana apho i-protagonist yayihlala kwiimeko zangoku. Uchithe phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini ezoba abo balinganiswa babonakala ngokuba yindalo. Ngaphaya koko, isitayile sakhe sokuzoba sihambelana nobuntu baba badlali baphambili.
Njengoko ubona, Zininzi iimifanekiso ezihlekisayo zaseSpain, kwaye ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngoko zinokusebenza njengembekiselo ukuba ufuna ukuzinikela kweli sebe lemizekeliso. Ngaba unokucebisa nabani na ongomnye, wena, oligcisa ekufuneka lilandelwe kwaye likhuthazwe?