Ukuba ujonge ukusebenzisa imithetho yesimbo kwiwebhusayithi yakho, ke abakhethi banguvimba obonisiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zabakhethi, ezinye zazo zidume kakhulu. Kule namhlanje Sikubonisa ukuba ngabaphi abakhethi bophawu kwi-CSS, ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwezi zixhobo.
Ukusebenzisa i-CSS ungasebenzisa iindlela ezininzi eziya kukunceda kakhulu ngokunikezelwa kwewebhusayithi yakho. Abakhethi bophawu Baza kusebenzela ukwahlula izinto, kwaye benze umsebenzi wokwenza ngokwezifiso ube lula. Nangona esi sihloko sinokuba nzima kubantu abanganxulumananga naso, ukufunda ngaso kunokukuvulela iingcango ezininzi.
Ithetha ukuthini iCSS?
Ukuba unxulunyaniswa nelizwe loyilo lwewebhu, uya kuba uve eli gama rhoqo. Cascading style sheets (CSS) lulwimi lwenkqubo olukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulula kwaye ulungise uxwebhu lweHTML. Oku kuthetha ukuba lulwimi onokuthi ngalo ulawule uyilo, wenze utshintsho, unikezelo, uphuculo kwaye wenze amaphepha ewebhu alungele wena. Igama layo livela kwinto yokuba ikuvumela ukubala iipropati ezizuzwe njengelifa kwelinye kumaphepha amaninzi. Kuyilo lwewebhu oku kubizwa ngokuba yingxangxasi.
Yintoni abakhethi bophawu kwiCSS?
Abakhethi beCSS Zizixhobo ozisebenzisayo ukuchaza isimbo ofuna ukusinika izinto zakho zeCSS. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zabakhethi kolu lwimi, nganye inesintaksi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukusebenzisa imithetho echanekileyo yokucwangcisa inceda isikhangeli sisebenzise iimpawu ezithile kwizinto ezikhankanyiweyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Abakhethi bophawu lolunye lweentlobo zabakhethi esinazo kwi-CSS. Ziluncedo kakhulu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zingaziwa njengabanye abakhethi abaqhelekileyo abanje ngeklasi okanye abakhethi bamathegi. Abakhethi beCSS basetyenziselwa uku cacisa ukuba yeyiphi imimandla esifuna ukufaka kuyo izimbo.
Kwi-CSS, abakhethi basebenzela ukumisela imida yeempawu ze-HTML kwiphepha lethu lewebhu apho sifuna ukufaka isimbo. I-CSS inabakhethi abaninzi abakuvumela ukuba ukhethe izinto ngokuchaneka okukhulu xa usebenzisa izimbo. Aba babizwa ngokuba ngabakhethi beempawu baqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha izinto ze-HTML ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zabo kunye / okanye ixabiso.
Zeziphi iindidi zabakhethi bophawu?
- [uphawu_igama] ikhetha iimpawu ezinophawu olunikwe igama lophawu_igama elimiselweyo nokuba lithini na ixabiso.
- [uphawu_igama=ixabiso] ikhetha iziqalelo ezinophawu lophawu_igama limiselwe kwixabiso elilingana nexabiso.
- [uphawu_igama~=ixabiso] ikhetha iimpawu ezinophawu olubizwa ngokuba yi-attribute_name set kwaye noko enye yamaxabiso ophawu lixabiso.
- [igama_lempawu|=ixabiso], ikhetha iimpawu ezinophawu olubizwa ngokuba yi-attribute_name set.
- [uphawu_igama$=xabiso] Khetha iithegi ezinophawu oluphela ngeli xabiso.
- [uphawu_igama^=ixabiso] Ikhetha iithegi ezinophawu oluqala ngeli xabiso.
Unxulumana njani nonobumba abakhulu kunye nabancinane?
Ukuba ufuna ukunxulumana amaxabiso eempawu Case-insensitive, ungasebenzisa ixabiso "i" phambi kwesibiyeli sokuvala. Le flegi ixelela umkhangeli zincwadi ukuba atshatise bonke abasebenzi be-ASCII, nokuba banonobumba abakhulu okanye abancinci. Ngaphandle kwale flegi, amaxabiso adityaniswa ngokwezikhokelo zolwimi olunobuntununtunu kuxwebhu. I-HTML inobuntununtunu.
Yintoni abakhethi bophawu lweempawu?
Singasebenzisa abanye abasebenzisi babakhethi bophawu ezingaziwa kakhulu, kwaye ezisivumela ukuba sicokise ngokubonakalayo inkangeleko yamaxabiso athile kwiimpawu ekuthethwa ngazo.
Aba ngabasebenzi abakhoyo kubakhethi bophawu
- *= (iqulathe): Umsebenzisi * ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe izakhi ezinoluhlu oluthile njengexabiso lophawu loyelelwano nokuba kukanye.
- ^= (iyenzeka ekuqaleni kwexabiso loyelelwano): Khetha izinto ezinophawu oluxabiso lwayo luqala ngomtya othile.
- $= (iyenzeka ekupheleni kwexabiso lophawu loyelelwano): Ikhetha iimpawu ezinophawu oluxabiso lwayo luphela ngomtya othile.
- ~= (iqulathe igama ngqo okanye yahlulwe zizithuba): Ikhetha iziqalelo ezinexabiso lophawu loyelelwano olunomxholo ohambelana ncakasana nomtya okhankanyiweyo, okanye oqulathe igama-ezahlulwe-ndawo ezinomtya okhankanyiweyo.
- |= (iqulathe igama ngqo okanye yahlulwe ngamakhonkco): Iyafana nangasentla, kodwa igama linokohlulwa ngamaqhagamshelo endaweni yezithuba.
Indlela yokusebenzisa abakhethi kwiCSS?
Zimbini iindlela zokusebenzisa abakhethi kwiCSS. Ukuba unekhowudi yeHTML kunye nekhowudi yeCSS kuxwebhu olufanayo, Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukongeza umkhethi weCSS entlokweni yendawo yakho.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba iHTML kunye neCSS zikumaxwebhu ahlukeneyo, unokuba noxwebhu olubizwa ngokuba index.html kunye nolunye uxwebhu olubizwa ngokuba yi style.css. Ifayile ye-index.html kufuneka ibandakanye umgca wekhowudi ebiza ifayile yeCSS, ukwenzela ukuba izitayela zibonise ngokuchanekileyo kwiwebhusayithi yakho.
Zeziphi ezinye iindidi zabakhethi esizifumanayo kwiCSS?
Kukho amaqela ahlukeneyo abakhethi. Lumkela uhlobo lomkhethi olufunayo kuya kukunceda usebenzise isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho. Yiyo loo nto sikubonisa apha ngezantsi:
Uhlobo, iklasi kunye nabakhethi besazisi
Eli qela libandakanya abakhethi abathintela into yeHTML, njengefayile. Ikwanayo nabakhethi abathintela iklasi okanye isichongi.
Iiklasi zePseudo kunye ne-pseudoelements
Eli qela labakhethi libandakanya pseudoclasses, leyo Bafometha iimeko ezithile zesiqalelo. Umzekelo, i-hover pseudo-class ikhetha into kuphela xa imouse indanda phezu kwayo. Kukwaquka pseudo-elementi ezikhetha indawo ethile yesiqalelo kunento ngokwayo
Abadibanisi
Ngolu luhlu lwabakhethi abanye abakhethi badityanisiwe, ngenjongo yokwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zamaxwebhu ethu.
umkhethi jikelele
Ngokuzenzekelayo iinkwenkwezi (*) eluphawu lomkhethi jikelele, ikhetha zonke iinkalo zoxwebhu oluthile.
Umkhethi wesazisi
Olu hlobo luphunyeziwe ngenjongo yokukhetha izinto ezisekelwe kuphawu lwe-ID.
Ukuba ujonge ukulawula yonke into eyenzekayo kwiwebhusayithi, ngokuqinisekileyo eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuyifumana kukuyilwa kwakho. Kubo ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngabakhethi beempawu. Ngoko Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi izikhethi zophawu kwi-CSS, Kweli nqaku sinethemba lokukunika iimpendulo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba sishiye into ebalulekileyo, sazise kwizimvo.