Namhlanje lusuku lobugcisa lwamanye amazweMhlawumbi sibhiyozela icandelo lehlabathi lethu elisenza sibe ngabantu abaninzi. Uhlobo lokubonakaliswa kwendalo yethu ebikhula kwaye ityhutyha zonke iinkalo zohlobo lwethu. Ubugcisa ziincwadi, ubugcisa yifoto, ividiyo, ifilimu, ingoma, ukutolikwa ... Kodwa Wakhe wazibuza ukuba ngoobani oobawo belifa esiligcinayo namhlanje? Wakhe wazibuza ukuba ubugcisa bazalwa njani kwaye nini?
Nantsi imvelaphi yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ukuzoba, umculo, ukufota, ifilimu kunye newebhu. Ndiyazi ukuba ndizishiyile ezinye izinto zobugcisa ezinje ngokudlala, ukudanisa okanye ukuchwetheza ... . Yonwabele!
Umzobo wokuqala kwimbali
Into endala eyenziwe ngamatye ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-400.000 ubudala, inesimo somntu, kwaye ngokophando olwenziwe yijenali yeAnthropology eyiyo, yenziwe ngumntu. Kwafunyanwa eMorocco malunga ne1999 kwaye ukusukela ngoko impikiswano iyaqhubeka ifihlekile kuba uninzi lwezazinzulu lufumana izizathu ezaneleyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba sisidalwa esenziwe ngookhokho bethu, nangona likho elinye iqela lezenzululwazi elikhuselayo ukuba ukwakheka kwenzeka ngengozi. into yokukhukuliseka komhlaba.
Umzobo wokuqala kwimbali
Umzuzu apho umntu akwaziyo ukuzoba umgca kwaye awunike intsingiselo yayingulowo mzuzu apho wayenxibelelana ngokoqobo nenqanaba eliphezulu kwaye wakwazi ukungena kwihlabathi lokutsala kunye nemibono. Ngokuchasene noko bekucingelwa kudala, uHomo sapiens wayengenguye owokuqala ukuphuhlisa ukubonwa okubonakalayo. Lo mgca ubunjiweyo we-zigzag owenziwe kwiqokobhe le-mollusk ungaphezulu kwama-400 amawaka eminyaka ubudala, ngenxa yoko yayiyeyona ntetho yamandulo yohlobo lwethu, uHomo erectus, owayesele ekwazi ukufuzisela nokucinga ngezinto ezingabonakaliyo. Umsebenzi wobugcisa obuncinci obatshintsha ngonaphakade imibono eyayinayo malunga nembali yangaphambili kunye nenqanaba lokuzivelela ababenookhokho bethu.
Ingoma yokuqala kwimbali
Umculo lolona hlobo lobugcisa lubalaseleyo noluzimeleyo olukhoyo. Ulwimi olusebenzayo ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa ulwazi ngamandla namandla ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into yangaphandle. Ngokungafaniyo nobugcisa obubonwayo, umculo awufuni naluphi na uhlobo lokulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuba lutyhilwe, naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi okanye inkcubeko esisiseko. Iya kusichulumancisa ngamandla alinganayo nokuba sithini na. Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi ingoma yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu ukusukela oko wafika emhlabeni. Malunga ne-3400s, amanye amacwecwe odongwe afunyanwa eMesopotamiya, ngakumbi kwimingxunya eyenziweyo eRoyal Palace yaseUgarit. Ijongana neengoma zokuqala ezaqanjwa ngumntu. Baneminyaka engama-1400 ubudala (yeyowe-XNUMX BC) kwaye yingqokelela ephuculweyo yokubhenela uthixokazi wezitiya, uNikkal, ogama lakhe lithetha iNenekazi eliKhulu kunye nonina oNesiqhamo kaJarikh, uThixo weNyanga. Amacwecwe abonelela ngemiyalelo malunga nokuba umxholo kufuneka utolikwe njani ngohadi okanye uhadi.
Ifoto yokuqala kwimbali
Kubizwa Indawo de vue du Gras Kwaye wabanjwa malunga nonyaka we-1826 yinjineli eyaziwayo uNicéphore Niépce kwindawo yakhe yokugcina. Emva kokwenza uhlalutyo lomfanekiso nge-X-ray ye-spectrometer, kuye kwatyhilwa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukufota: Ipleyiti enzima yokufota efakwe uhlobo lomxube wolwelo lwebhitumene yamajuda kunye neoyile ye-lavanta eqinayo okanye eqinisayo xa ivezwe kukukhanya kwelanga. Igcinwe kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas eAustin.
Ifilimu yokuqala embalini
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uyazibuza ukuba yeyiphi ividiyo yokuqala efakwe kwimbali yoluntu, ababhali abanjengoLumière okanye uThomas Edison bakuhlasela, kodwa inyani kukuba akukho namnye kwaba bathathu wabamba ifilimu yokuqala kodwa yayingumqambi waseFrance uLouis Le Prince igadi yendlu yabazala bakhe eNgilane. Ibizwa ngokuba yi "Roundhay Garden Scene" kwaye inexesha elifutshane kakhulu (ngokukodwa imizuzwana eyi-1,66) kodwa inde ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingathathwa njengefilimu yokuqala embalini. Ifotwe nge-14 ka-Okthobha ka-1888, oko kukuthi, iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kukaThomas Alva Edison kunye neminyaka esixhenxe phambi kwabazalwana bakaLumière. Yenziwe ngeefreyimu ezingama-20 ezithi, xa ziphinde zaveliswa kunye neprojektha yeLe Prince kwiifreyimu ezili-12 ngomzuzwana, zisinike ixesha eli-1,66 letheyiphu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlengahlengiswa kwamanani kwidijithali kutshanje kwandise imifanekiso ukuya kwizakhelo ezingama-52, ethi xa idlalwe kwakhona kwizakhelo ezingama-24 zangoku ngesantya sesibini se-cinema yesiqhelo, ihambise itheyiphu yesibini ye-2,11 eyandisiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, utata wokwenene kunye nomyili we-cinema babenesiphelo esibuhlungu esigutyungelwe ziimfihlakalo. Wanyamalala ngo-Septemba 16 engakhange abekho nomkhondo malunga ne-1890 eFrance. Wathabatha uloliwe wayokundwendwela umntakwabo, emva koko waya e-United States ukuya kubonisa ubuchule bakhe kunye nokufumana ilungelo lomenzi. Wakhwela kuloliwe wanyamalala emhlabeni. Akazange ashiye mkhondo. Umzimba nezinto zakhe khange zifunyanwe. Eyona ithiyori ithathwa njengeyona ibalulekileyo kukuba wabulawa phantsi komyalelo kaEdison ukuze afumane ilungelo lobunikazi le-cinematograph.
Iwebhusayithi yokuqala kwimbali
UTim Berners Lee wasungula iWebhu eBanzi yeHlabathi indlela yokutshintshiselana ngolwazi ngeekhompyuter. Ngo-Epreli 30, 1993, uxwebhu lokuqala oluvulelekileyo kuye wonke umntu lwapapashwa kwaye luya kuba liphepha lokuqala lewebhu kwimbali yoluntu. Injongo kaBerners-Lee, owayeneminyaka engama-34 ubudala ngelo xesha, yayikukuphucula ulawulo lolwazi kwiZiko laseYurophu leCandelo leFizikiki (CERN) apho wayesebenza eSwitzerland. “Sasingo-1989, i-intanethi yayisele ikhona, thumela ii-imeyile kodwa bekungekho maphepha kumnatha. Kwakungekho http okanye html. Awunakudibana nephepha ukubona umxholo wayo. Ndaqala ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngayo. Ndicinge inkqubo apho, ngendlela elula, umntu anokundwendwela iphepha emva kwelinye kwaye ukusuka apho ndithathe isigqibo ngento endifuna ukuyakha ”, ucacise umdali kudliwanondlebe. Ungayindwendwela kule khonkco.
