Ngaba ungena kwihlabathi lokufota? Ukuba kunjalo, enye yezinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka uyazi luhlobo lwe iinjongo ezikhoyo kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi nganye nganye inayo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, kuya kuba lula ukusebenzisa enye okanye enye ukufumana ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kunye nokufumana okuninzi kwikhamera yakho.
Izinto ezimbini eziphambili ekufuneka sizithathele ingqalelo ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelensi yintsimi yokujonga kunye nobunzulu bentsimi. Umbono wokuqala ubhekisa kubungakanani (okanye i-engile) yokubanjwa kunye neentetho zesibini malunga nokukwazi ukumela umgama phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukubumba kwethu. Zombini izinto ziyancitshiswa njengoko sisonyusa ubude bokujolisa.
Sinokwenza umahluko ocacileyo ngokusekwe kwi Umgama ekugxilwe kuwo (owona mgama uphakathi kwidayaphragm yekhamera kunye nokujolisa kwelensi yethu uqobo) kunye ne-angle yokujonga (ukuphakama kombono osibonelayo). Apha ngezantsi ungayibona ngendlela ebonakalisa ngakumbi:
Iliso lentlanzi
Luhlobo lweelensi olusinika indawo enkulu yombono efikelela kuma-180 degrees okanye nangaphezulu. Ubude obugxile kwi-fisheye buhlala buphakathi kwemilimitha ezintandathu ukuya kwishumi elinesithandathu. Xa ubude bayo bujolise kwisithandathu siya kufumana ukuphakama ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri ezingama-220. Zihlala zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo sobugcisa kunye nendlela yokubonelela ngamandla kunye nevolumu kumfanekiso wethu. Ngayo siya kuba nakho ukugubungela iindawo ezibanzi kwaye sinike umbono ocacileyo kwimizobo yethu kuba bevelisa ubugqwetha obuninzi kwimigca eyakha imifanekiso.
Indawo ebanzi
Yilensi ekugxilwe kuyo ephakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-35 yeemilimitha kwaye ifezekisa ii-angles zokubukela eziphakathi kwe-180 kunye ne-60 degrees. Zibangela ubugqwetha elunxwemeni kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuncinci kunoko kubonakala nefisheye. Nangona kunjalo, olu deformation luya kuba ngaphezulu okanye kancinci ukugxininisa kuxhomekeke kumgangatho weenjongo ekuthethwa ngazo. Inqaku layo elomeleleyo kukuba lisinika ubunyani obukhulu kwimifanekiso yethu ngokuchanekileyo kuba inobunzulu bentsimi kunye nokukwazi ukubamba ukukhanya. Xa usebenzisa, kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba umgama yinto ebalulekileyo, kuba into okanye umlinganiswa esiwubambayo uya kugqwetha ngakumbi ukusondela kwethu kuwo. Ngesi sizathu, ihlala isetyenziswa rhoqo kufoto yomhlaba okanye kwiindawo ezibanzi ezivulekileyo, kubandakanya neendawo zangaphakathi.
Iilensi eziqhelekileyo
Le ndlela ibonelela nge-engile yokujonga ejikeleze iidigri ezingama-45 kwaye ke iyafana kakhulu neliso lomntu. Olu khetho aluyi kuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwimigca kunye neendawo ezenza umfanekiso wethu. Idla ngokuba ziimilimitha ezingama-50 kwaye zezona ziqaqambe kakhulu, kuba zifikelela kwelona qondo liphezulu.
Macro
Bahlala benobude obugxile phakathi kwe-150 kunye ne-200 yeemilimitha. Zisetyenziselwa indawo yokufota kwendalo, ngakumbi kwimowudi yayo ngoba iyasivumela ukuba sibonise izityalo okanye izinambuzane ngaphandle kokuhlasela indawo yazo yokuhlala okanye indawo yazo. Ubude bayo obude obugxile ekuvumeleni ukuba sithathe imifanekiso nge-1: 1 ratio (isikali sokwenyani) kunye nomgama othe qelele ngendlela yokuba izinto ekubanjweni kwethu zingazi ukuba silapho. Ixabiso lalo liphezulu kakhulu ke kunqabile ukuba ubone umfoti oqala ukuba nefoto enye yazo isezandleni zabo. Bavumela ukugxila ukuya kwisentimitha kude nelensi (oku kusondele ngokwenene kunye nezinto ezincinci).
Ifowuni emfutshane
Olu hlobo lweelensi lunobude obugxile phakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-135mm. Umhlaba obonwayo osibonelela ngawo ungaphantsi kunoko kubonwa ngamehlo abantu. Ibonakaliswa ngokuzisa into ekuthethwa ngayo kufutshane kuthi kwaye ubunzulu bentsimi buqala ukwehla. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukusebenza kwiifoto ezisesikweni, nangona iluncedo kakhulu kwimifanekiso yendalo okanye nangoku ubomi.
Telephoto kunye neelensi ezinkulu zefowuni
Ziyilelwe ukuthwebula imifanekiso ekude, Oko kukuthi, ukugubungela ukufota komhlaba okanye imifanekiso yezemidlalo umzekelo. Inqaku layo elomeleleyo ke kukukwazi ukusondeza umfanekiso. Oku kwenza ukuba i-angle yakho yokujonga inciphise, ijikeleze malunga nama-XNUMX degrees ubuninzi. Ukongeza, ubude bayo buhlala buhlala ubuncinci ngamamilimitha angamashumi asixhenxe. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekwe kuxinzelelo lweenqwelomoya ukuze ubunyani bunokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi ngokomgama. Kuqhelekile ukuba xa imifanekiso ibanjiwe kumgama omde umgama phakathi kwezinto ufinyeziwe ngokungeyonyani kwaye unike isiphumo esicabaleleyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, zikwalungele ukusebenza ekufotweni kwemifanekiso ngenxa yesakhono sabo sokugxila kunye nokwenza ukugxila okukhethiweyo apho iziko okanye inqaku lokuqwalaselwa licace gca kwaye ezinye izinto zingaphandle kokugxila, oko ke kunika isiphumo se-bokeh esinomtsalane. Oku kunomdla ngokufanelekileyo kuba ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise kwaye usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kugxilwe kwingqwalaselo kwaye ke usebenze ngokufanelekileyo umthambo wokunxibelelana ngendlela eyiyo (khumbula ukuba iliso lomntu lisebenza ngokuchanekileyo). Xa usebenza kwimizobo ubude obugxile buphakathi kwamashumi asixhenxe eemilimitha kunye nekhulu elinamanci mathathu anesihlanu. Xa sisebenzisa ubude obude obude ekuza kufuneka ukuba sihambele kude nento okanye umlinganiswa esifuna ukumfota ukuze sigxile kuyo. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo, yinto ebalulekileyo xa usebenza kwimifanekiso yendalo okanye yezilwanyana zasendle okanye iminyhadala ethi ngohlobo lwayo inyanzele umfoti ukuba agcine imigama ethile efana neyendalo okanye umsitho wezemidlalo.
U-Elena Azofeifa