Imbali ye-swastika ibuyela umva kakhulu kunentsingiselo ebuhlungu kunye nezenzo zenkohlakalo ezenziwa ngu-Adolph Hitler eJamani. Ngokwenyani, i-swastika yayithetha, kwaye ithetha, isichasi esipheleleyo sento efakwe ngulo mlinganiswa ngesimboli. Kodwa ngaba wakha wayiva?
Namhlanje sifuna ukugxila kuwe ukwazi imbali ye-swastika. Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kutheni, siya kukuxelela ukuba umyili kufuneka ayazi imvelaphi yalo lonke uphawu. Kuba ngamanye amaxesha lo utshintsha kakhulu njengale.
Imvelaphi ye-swastika
Wonke umntu udibanisa i-swastika njengophawu lweJamani yamaNazi. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abaziyo ukuba le nto yayisetyenziswa kwakudala. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ezinye izinto zifunyenwe zinolu phawu. Ngokukodwa, ezo siye sakwazi ukuzifumana zezi zilandelayo:
Isiqu sentaka esikrolwe ngokuyilwa kweeswastika ezidityanisiweyo. Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwekhabhoni eyayiphantsi kwayo, iyaziwa ukuba ibuyele kwiminyaka eyi-15000.
- I-swastikas elula enxulumene nenkcubeko ye-Neolithic Vinca kuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, eyabhalwa kwiminyaka engama-7000 eyadlulayo. Kucingelwa ukuba yayiyindlela yokubonakalisa inombolo ye-13, njenge-swastika, ngabalusi baseDjowi (i-Iran yangoku).
- Iimbiza zodongwe ezine-swastikas ezisukela kwiminyaka engama-4000 eyadlulayo.
- Iingqekembe ezivela eMesopotamiya yamandulo ezinophawu olufanayo nolweminyaka engama-3000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.
Konke oku kunokukunika ingcamango yokuba i-swastika ayizange isungulwe nguHitler. Kwaye yayingenayo loo nto ibuhlungu, ikhohlakele kwaye "emnyama" intsingiselo enikwe yona nayo.
Ithetha ukuthini i-swastika?
Into yokuqala omele uyazi malunga nembali ye-swastika kukuba yayinentsingiselo. Imvelaphi yayo kuthiwa yeyamaHindu kwaye iyaziwa ukuba igama livela kwiSanskrit suastíka, elithetha "ukuthanda kakhulu" (inqaku elilungileyo, elithandekayo). Ngoko ke, intsingiselo ye-swastika yayilungile; Iza kubonisa impumelelo, impilo-ntle, ithamsanqa, ithamsanqa ...
Ukuba sahlula igama, lenziwe ngamagama amabini:
- Su, okuthetha okulungileyo okanye kakhulu.
- asti, engumntu wesithathu kwisinye sesenzi ukuba ngu.
Ke ngoko, sinokuyiguqulela njengokulungileyo, kunjalo, okanye, njengoko yaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo, "intlalontle."
Kukho amanye amagama enokuthi yaziwe ngawo, njengala alandelayo:
- Swastika.
- Ikhramponi yoMnqamlezo.
- Tetraskel.
- Wan. Le yokugqibela ifanelwe ukukhankanywa ngakumbi kuba isetyenziswa ngoku eTshayina njengophawu lwesiTshayina (inxulumene nenani le-10.000).
Ngaphambi kukaHitler, yayiluphawu olwamkelekileyo
Kwaye ayamkelekanga kuphela, kodwa iibrendi ezininzi ezaziwayo zayisebenzisa. Yayiluphawu olwalubonisa ithamsanqa kunye nethamsanqa. Ngokomzekelo, iCoca-Cola yayisebenzisa kwezinye izibhengezo ezazibekwe ezivenkileni. ICarlsberg nayo yayisebenzisa kwiibhotile zayo. Kwakukho nemagazini ebizwa ngokuba yiSwastika eyayiqhutywa yiGirls Club of America (efana namakhwenkwe amabhinqa). Kwaye iibheji ezinolu simboli zithunyelwe kwabo babhalisele iklabhu, ukongezelela ekunikezelweni kwabo bathengisa kakhulu.
Kwanomkhosi wase-US wawunxibe ngokuzingca. Oku kugximfizwe kwinqwelomoya yoMkhosi woMoya waseRoyal.
Ubuncinci, de uHitler wenza ukubonakala kwaye wayinikezela kwintsingiselo emnyama, ekhohlakeleyo nengathandekiyo.
Isizathu sokuba uHitler akhethe i-swastika njengophawu
Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-30, abaphengululi abaninzi baseJamani babeqinisekile ukuba kukho ukufana phakathi kwesiJamani nesiSanskrit. Bambi bade bacinga ukuba amaIndiya namaJamani anezinyanya ezifanayo, yaye ibali laqalisa ukumila apho babenomfanekiso-ngqondweni wohlanga lwamagorha amhlophe. Ndinga.
Leyo yayiyinkolelo yale ngcamango yokuba amaqela amaninzi esizwe agqiba ekubeni afanelekele i-swastika, eyinika intsingiselo "yekratshi lesizwe" kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokuchasene nabantu abangamaYuda, abathi kubo babeyinto "engcolisa imvelaphi yabo ecocekileyo kunye nekamva labo. "..
YayinguHitler owathi ekugqibeleni wayinika uyilo ngoku loyikisa abaninzi. E-Mein Kampf, uHitler wabhala:
«Okwangoku, emva kwemizamo engenakubalwa, ndaseka ifom yokugqibela; iflegi enemvelaphi ebomvu, idiski emhlophe kunye ne-swastika emnyama embindini. Emva kwezilingo ezinde, ndifumene umlinganiselo wokugqibela phakathi kobukhulu beflegi kunye nobukhulu bediski emhlophe, kunye nokumila kunye nobukhulu be-swastika. "
Ngelo xesha yaba ngumfanekiso wepropaganda yamaNazi kunye nomqondiso owawuchasene ngokupheleleyo nemvelaphi yawo. Ewe, kumaJamani yayiluphawu lokuzingca nobuzwe; kodwa kubantu bamaYuda kwakuthetha ukucinezelwa, uloyiko nokufa kuphela.
I-swastika, uphawu olusetyenziswa kwiinkcubeko ezininzi
Ukuba ucinga ukuba i-swastika isimboli sasempuma kuphela okanye ukuba eYurophu yayikhona kuphela ngexesha lamaNazi, inyaniso kukuba awulungile. Enyanisweni, kuyaziwa ukuba yavela kwiindawo ezininzi zaseYurophu. Kukho iGrike, iCeltic, i-Anglo-Saxon efunyenweyo ye-swastika, eMpuma Yurophu ... Oko kusixelela ukuba isimboli sasisele sikhona iminyaka eyiwaka, sihlala sinentsingiselo efanelekileyo.
Okwangoku, olu simboli lunokubonwa kwimizobo yamaRoma, iRomanesque kunye neGothic, kwiindawo ezidume njengeAmiens Cathedral, eFransi, okanye kufutshane, kwiCathhedral yaseValencia (iSango leSango leNsimbi).
I-Mosaics, i-friezes, i-vases, iingqekembe, iitempile ... kwaye iyinxalenye yezinye izithethe kunye nemikhosi yamaHindu, apho isimboli sisagcina loo ntsingiselo efanelekileyo efuna impilo-ntle nabani na oyinxibayo.
Iifom ezimbini ze-swastika
Ubusazi ukuba i-swastika ineemilo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?
- I-swastika, enengalo engaphezulu ejonge ekunene kwaye kuthiwa kungenxa yokuba ijikeleza ngasekunene.
- I-sauvástica, enengalo engaphezulu ukuya ngasekhohlo (kwaye ngoko ijikeleza i-counterclockwise).
Kuzo zombini ezi meko isimboli inamacala angama-20 ewonke, nto leyo eyenza i-icoságono engaqhelekanga. Owona waziwa kakhulu ngumnyama, kodwa eneneni uneminye imibala emininzi efana nobomvu, orenji, bhlowu...
Ngoku uyazi ngakumbi malunga nembali ye-swastika. Ngaba ucinga ukuba iya kuyisusa intsingiselo yayo emnyama?