Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uBukhosi baseRoma yayiyenye yezona zinamandla, kodwa kwakhona zavela ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka umzobo waseRoma.
Ngaba ukhe wema ucinge ngeempawu zayo nendlela eyavela ngayo? Mhlawumbi ujonge ngasemva unokuyibona into abayenzileyo kwaye uyilungelelanise noyilo lwakho.
Iimpawu zomzobo waseRoma
Into yokuqala omele uyazi malunga nomzobo waseRoma kukuba yayiyikopi yomzobo wamaGrike.. Nje kanjalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba amaRoma amaninzi ayekhuthaza amagcisa awo ukuba enze iikopi zeminye imizobo yamaGrike. Enyanisweni, bawakrazula (amaGrike), ukuba bawase eRoma, bawakhuphela kwaye ngaloo ndlela babenomzobo wabo (akunakutsho ukuba amaGrike akrazukile, yiyo loo nto bengenakusinda).
ERoma, enye yeempawu zobomi bakhe yayikukuba izindlu zihonjiswe ngemizobo, imizobo, njl. Yayiyinto eyenziwa namaGrike, kodwa kule meko ahlabela mgama. Kwaye kunjalo le mizobo yayinamandla, yenza ukuba umntu acinge ngentshukumo kwaye, ngemibala ababeyiqabe, babebonakala bephila. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwimizobo yaseRoma i-wax yayisetyenziswa phezu komhlaba wonke womzobo (xa ugqityiwe) ukunyusa imibala. Kwaye eso sesinye sezizathu zokuba bafikelele kwimihla yethu phantse yomelele, kuba naye wayigcina imizobo.
Kwakhona, kwakungekho simbo esinye. Enyanisweni, banokwenza imizobo yento enye, yeqela, i-mural eyenziwe ngamapaneli amaninzi ... Ngokuqinisekileyo, ininzi yabo yayisekelwe kwimbali, i-mythological okanye yemihla ngemihla. Kubo, ukupeyinta izithixo kwakuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kodwa babengasoloko bekwenza oko. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka benze imizobo (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba bethunyiwe, okanye ngenxa yokuba beyicingela). Kwaye into engaqhelekanga kwipeyinti yaseRoma oya kuyibona kwabaninzi kukuba baye benza umzobo kodwa bawujikeleza ngomda omnyama ukuze obo buso okanye umlingiswa abonakale kuyo yonke into ejikeleze kuyo.
Ipeyinti yaseRoma yayinemibala emininzi eqhelekileyo. Kule meko, kwakukho imibala emine ababeyisebenzisa: emnyama, ebomvu, emhlophe kunye nephuzi. Kuphela kwezinye iimeko baye bongeza eminye imibala efana neblue okanye eluhlaza. Kodwa abazange basebenzise enye into eninzi. Nangona kunjalo, babezisebenzisa kwiithoni ezomeleleyo ukuze umfanekiso ugqame kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuvela komzobo waseRoma
Umzobo waseRoma wawungasoloko ugqibelele, okanye nazo zonke iimpawu esikuxelele ngazo. Ngokwenene yayinenkqubo njengabo nabuphi na obunye ubugcisa.
Enyanisweni, iingcali zithetha ngamaxesha amane abalulekileyo kuyo. Sigqabaza ngamnye kubo.
Ixesha lokuqala
Oku kwagqabaza ngomzobo wamaGrike. Yaqala ukwenzeka phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC kunye nenkulungwane yoku-XNUMX BC.
Umzobo waseRoma ngeli xesha wazama ukuxelisa izinto ngokwabo. Enye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu yayilibhastile kwaye le nto bayenzayo yayizibhloko zemibala kunye nokwenza imithambo yebhastile ngesandla, nge-stucco.
Iphawulwa ngokuba sisitayile esinemibala, kwaye sinokuthi sinobunewunewu, ebesifuna ukubonisa ubunewunewu, kodwa ngaphandle kokuchitha kakhulu (kungoko uzama ukuxelisa into enezinto ezinexabiso eliphantsi).
Ixesha lesibini
Ngolawulo lukaJulius Caesar, ukususela kwinkulungwane yokuqala BC, umzobo waseRoma waqala ukuvela. Ngeli xesha baqala ukujonga amaGrike, bekrazula imizobo yabo yaseludongeni kwaye beyikopisha ukuze benze imizobo yabo. Nangona kunjalo, Bagxininise kakhulu kwizinto zokwakha ezifana neefestile, iikholomu, njl.
Eli xesha lihlelwa njengesitayile sokwakha ngeso sizathu sinye kwaye lidlulela ngaphaya kokulinganisa ukugquma, ngoku into ababeyifuna yayiziinto zokwakha, okwenza ukuba amagumbi ebepeyintwe abonakale emakhulu kunawo. Ukongeza, sele ithathwa ngokuba "yimvelaphi" yomdwebo waseRoma, kungekhona ukuphefumlelwa kwabanye.
Ngeli xesha kwakukho iindidi ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
- umzobo olula waseRoma, ezibonakaliswe ngezinto ezisisiseko zokwakha ezifana nokubumba, iingcango kunye neefestile (ezihlala zivaliwe), iikholamu kunye neziseko.
- Imidiya, kuba apha bagxininise ngakumbi kwiikholamu eziphezulu zesilingi ezineenkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo kwaye zihonjiswe kakuhle.
- entsonkothileyo, apho kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla zongeza ii-arches, iikholomu kwaye zaqala ukuphinda ziphinde zivule iindawo ezivulekileyo ukunika amandla amaninzi kumzobo.
Ixesha lesithathu
Ukususela kwi-27 BC ukuya kumbindi wenkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD, ethathwa njengexesha lika-Agasto kwaye kwabo balandelayo, umzobo waseRoma waba nenguqu entsha ngokubhekiselele kwisitayile sokuhombisa, nangona safumana isimbo esixubeneyo (kuba baxube amaxesha angaphambili).
Kule meko isimbo sajika sisuka kwesenyani saya kwesona simangalisayo. Ngamanye amazwi, abazange banikele ingqwalasela eninzi kwizinto zokwakha, ukuthungwa ... kodwa kunokuba baqhubele phambili ngokudala izakhiwo zabo ngokwabo., ukuphinda kudalwe abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo, njl. kwaye basoloko besebenzisa imibala ebukhali ukwenza oko (enyanisweni, bahlala bebeka imvelaphi emnyama ukuze umbala ugqame ngakumbi).
Ixesha lesine
Ixesha lokugqibela lomzobo waseRoma ligubungela isiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD kunye nokuphela kwayo. Ngelo xesha yayinguNero owayebonakalisa imbali yaseRoma kwaye apha sibona ukuba kukho isimbo esisetiweyo, nangona inyaniso kukuba iyabhida.
Kwelinye icala, badibanisa iimpawu zexesha lesibini nelesithathu. Kodwa, kwelinye icala, nabo bamiliselwe kuphela kwezo zintathu. Kuphela, endaweni yokugxila kuphela kumanani, oko bakwenzayo kukuhlaziya yonke imizobo ngokuhlobisa, ukuthungwa ... ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa umphumo obonakala ngathi uhamba, owenza ukuba uphile.
Izitayela zokupenda zaseRoma
Ukugqiba, sifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngabaculi kwipeyinti yaseRoma. Ezi yayizi zilandelayo:
- Umzobo kaMoses: Ezi zazenziwe ngamaqhekeza amancinane eglasi okanye ngeceramic eyathi, ngokungathi yiphazili, yabekwa kwiindawo ezithile ukuze kamva igalelwe intaphane yesamente nokudala uyilo oluntsonkothileyo (nangona babekwazi ukwenza imizobo, imifanekiso, njl. njl.) .
- Imizobo yaseludongeni: Ngendaleko babesebenzisa ubuchule obutsha kwimizobo. Umzekelo, baxuba ikalika, isanti kunye namanzi ukuze imibala, kunye nokufuma, isebenze kakuhle; Obunye ubuchule ababusebenzisileyo kukudibanisa uthuli lwebhastile kunye nekalika, amanzi, kunye nebala lokukhupha imibala. Kwimeko yemifanekiso ekroliweyo, into abayisebenzisayo, neyona yahlala ixesha elide, yayikukuxuba isamente nekalika kunye nebala.
- Ubushushu: Ephawulwa ngokusebenzisa amanzi kunye namafutha ezilwanyana (okanye iqanda) ukuze ukwazi ukupeyinta kwaye ufumane imibala ababeyifuna.
- umzobo we-encaustic: Kule meko, basebenzisa i-wax ekupheleni komzobo ukunika umzobo kunye nemibala ngokubanzi ukubonakala okuthe xaxa kunye ne-creamier. Ukongezelela, babezinyamekela kakhulu iinkcukacha, kangangokuba, xa begqibile, babeka ilinen phezu kwayo ukuze ifunxe ukungcola kwaye ilondoloze kakuhle.
Ukuba wawuthanda umzobo waseRoma, sincoma ukuba ukhangele ulwazi oluthe ngqo yalo mbandela kuba yinto efundwe kakhulu kwaye inokukunceda ukuba isimbo sakho.