Izinto eziyi-10 engizifundile kudizayini (Milton Glaser)

UMilton Glaser uyisithonjana emhlabeni womklamo nesibalo esithathwa yibo bonke ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Wazalwa ngo-1929, usebenze kumaphrojekthi amaningi, kufaka phakathi iphosta kaBob Dylan edumile eyaba wuphawu lwamashumi ayisithupha. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uzinikele ekwakhiweni kokuhlela kanye nobunikazi benkampani, yize emsebenzini wakhe omude angathola zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi.

Esihlokweni sanamuhla ngizokwethula izimiso zokuziphatha eziyishumi noma izifundo ezifundwe ukuthi lo chwepheshe obabazekayo udwebe ezweni lomdwebo wezithombe. Iqiniso ukuthi kuyinhlanhla ukuthola izeluleko kumuntu osezinikele emkhakheni wethu iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Ngikushiya lapha, qaphela!

1. Ungasebenzela abantu obathandayo kuphela

Amaphrojekthi empeleni ayasebenza uma kunesikhala sobudlelwano babantu. Kuyisitatimende esifuna ukwazi, kucatshangelwa ukuthi siphikisana kancane nomqondo wendabuko wegama lobuchwepheshe. Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ukuba nguchwepheshe kufana nomuntu okwazi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wakhe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuxhumana nomphakathi. Ngandlela-thile kunjalo, yize lokhu kuyiqiniso eliyingxenye. Ingxenye yokwethembana nekhemistri engaba khona phakathi kwethu namakhasimende ethu izobuyela emuva nakanjani kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukuzizwa ukhululekile, ukuba nekhofi, ukukhuluma nokuxoxa ngezinto ezithile, kuyiphuzu esivuna lona. Ngamafuphi, ngale ndlela sizokwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqinile namakhasimende ethu futhi ngalokho kube nobudlelwano obuqonde ngqo nomphumela wokugcina. Ngamazwi kaMilton Glaser uqobo: Ngithole ukuthi wonke umsebenzi obalulekile futhi onenjongo engiwukhiqizile uvela ebudlelwaneni bothando namakhasimende. Angikhulumi ngobuchwepheshe; Ngikhuluma ngothando.

2. Uma ungakhetha, ungabi nawo umsebenzi

Inhloso yezenzo zethu ibaluleke kakhulu. Izikhathi eziningi sithambekele ekuhambeni ngendlela ethile singazi ngempela ukuthi kungani sikwenza noma sikwenzelani. Kwesinye isikhathi siyakhohlwa lapho sifuna ukuya khona futhi lokho kusenza abantu abangakulungele ukubhekana nekusasa. UGlaser ubhekisa emazwini esazi sefilosofi nomqambi, uJohn Cage: Angikaze ngibe nomsebenzi, ngoba uma unomsebenzi, ngelinye ilanga othile uzokuthathela wona bese ungakulungeli ukuguga. Kube yinto efanayo kimi nsuku zonke kusukela ngineminyaka eyishumi nambili. Ngivuka ekuseni bese ngizama ukuthola ukuthi ngizobeka kanjani isinkwa etafuleni namuhla. Kuyafana nakumashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu: Ngivuka njalo ekuseni ngicabange ukuthi ngizobeka kanjani isinkwa etafuleni namuhla. Ngikulungele kahle ukuguga.

3. Abanye abantu banobuthi, kungcono ukukugwema

Emisebenzini nasemagatsheni ezobuciko lapho ukuzethemba ezinqubeni zomuntu nokubona kwakhe izinto kuyisisekelo segumbi, indawo esisebenza kuyo ingaba yinto esiqinisayo noma into ephula umbono wethu wezinto. Kunezindawo ezicwenga ngokoqobo futhi zicwenga iziphakamiso zokudala kakhulu. Kumele sifunde ukuzigwema. Kufanele sifunde ukunakekela ubudlelwano bethu nokunakekela lezo zindawo ezinethonya elibi kithi njengabantu. UMilton usinikeza iqhinga lokukhomba lolu hlobo lwemvelo nabantu abangasiza kakhulu. Nalu uvivinyo: kufanele uchithe isikhathi esithile nalo muntu, uphuze, uye esidlweni sakusihlwa, njll. Akukhathalekile kakhulu, kepha ekugcineni bona ukuthi uzizwa unamandla athe xaxa, uma ukhathele noma uqinisiwe. Uma ukhathele ngokwengeziwe, khona-ke kukufakele ushevu. Uma unamandla amaningi, ukucebisile. Isivivinyo cishe asinangqondo futhi ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngisisebenzise impilo yonke.

4. Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi akwanele

Esinye sezifiso zethu ezinkulu ukuba ngongoti, kepha lo mqondo nale ndlela yokuqonda nakho kuncike ochungechungeni lwemikhawulo kubuciko uqobo. Umbhali wethu usitshela ukuthi emsebenzini wakhe wathola ukuthi yini eyayidala ubuchwepheshe. Empeleni, ukuhudula. Inhloso efiselelwa ngungoti ukuthola impumelelo ngokwezomnotho, ngakho-ke uma ethola ifomula emlethela izinzuzo, ngeke anqikaze ukuyithatha njengesimiso esingangabazeki futhi lokhu ngeke kuhumushe okungaphezulu noma okuncane ekunikezeni ezinye izindlela , amathuba nezinhlobo zesenzo. Ngale ndlela, ubuchwepheshe buba ngumkhawulo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, okudingekayo emkhakheni wethu, ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye, ukwephula okuqhubekayo. Ubungcweti abuholeli ekoneni ngoba kufaka phakathi ukuthi kungenzeka kube nephutha futhi uma uchwepheshe, umuzwa wakho awusho ukuthi ungaphumeleli, kepha uyiphinde impumelelo. Ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe njengomgomo wokuphila bungumgomo okhawulelwe. 

5. Okuncane akusho ukuthi kuningi

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMilton ukhuluma ngemantra okuncane kungaphezulu bese uyifaka esikhundleni somthetho we kwanele ngaphezulu. Uma sinamathela kumlando obukwayo womhlaba sithola ukubonakaliswa okufana ne- indawo yobuciko lokho kusikhombisa okuncane kwesinye isikhathi akukuningi. Ngezikhathi ezithile i-baroque iyadingeka futhi ifana nekhwalithi.

6. Isitayela asithembekile

Akunangqondo ukuhlala sithembekile kwisitayela, akukufanele ukuthembeka kwethu okungenamibandela. Ubuciko obungaziwa nguPablo Picasso ubufakazi balokhu. Siphila endaweni enamandla, eguqukayo. UMarx usevele wathi ukuguqulwa kwesitayela kuhlobene ngokuphelele nezici zezomnotho. Kukhona ukuwohloka okuthile lapho umphakathi uvezwa ngesitayela esifanayo ngendlela ephindaphindwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, njalo eminyakeni eyishumi noma ngaphezulu kuba khona ikhefu, ushintsho nokuzalwa kabusha okusha. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ziyafika zidlule futhi uhlelo olubonakalayo luyalungiswa. Lesi yisici esinqumayo esizomaka futhi sinqume yonke indlela yethu. Abasiki abasunguliwe banamagama abo, indlela yokuxhumana nokwenza lokho okungeyabo. Leli isu elihle kakhulu lokuzihlukanisa nalabo esincintisana nabo futhi sizakhele ubuwena obuqinile. Ukugcina isitayela sethu noma ukuyiguqula kuyinkinga enzima ukubhekana nayo, asazi kahle ukuthi kufanele singenise nini ushintsho emsebenzini wethu. Sonke siyazazi izigameko zabaculi abaye bashibilika esibhakabhakeni ukuze bahlale bezinzile esikhathini esedlule, bengasekho, bephelelwe yisikhathi futhi bengasekho emfashini. Kunezindaba ezidabukisayo ezifana nezikaCassandre, ngokungangabazeki umklami wezithombe omkhulu kunabo bonke wekhulu lama-XNUMX, ongakwazanga ukuziphilisa eminyakeni yakhe yakamuva futhi wazibulala.

7. Njengoba uphila, ubuchopho bakho buyashintsha

Ubuchopho yisitho esisebenza kakhulu emzimbeni, empeleni, yisitho esisengcupheni enkulu yokushintsha nokuzalwa kabusha. Nginomngane ogama lakhe linguGerard Edelman oyisifundiswa esikhulu ezifundweni zobuchopho futhi okungajabulisi ukufaniswa kobuchopho nekhompyutha. Ubuchopho bufana nensimu yasendle ehlala ikhula futhi isabalalisa imbewu, ivuselela, njll. Futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ubuchopho buyabuthaka - ngendlela esingayazi ngokuphelele - kukho konke okuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlangana esinakho empilweni yethu.

Yangikhanga indaba ephephandabeni eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule mayelana nokufunwa kwe-pitch ngokuphelele. Iqembu lososayensi linqume ukuthi bazothola ukuthi kungani abanye abantu benetiyela elifanele. Yibona abakwazi ukuzwa umbhalo ngokunembile futhi bawuphindaphinda kahle ngendlela efanele. Abanye abantu banokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, kepha ukuphakama okuphelele akuvamile ngisho nakubaculi. Ososayensi bathole - angazi kanjani - ukuthi kubantu abane-pitch ephelele, ubuchopho behlukile. Ama-lobes athile obuchopho abe nezinguquko ezithile eziphindaphindayo noma ukusonteka phakathi kwalabo abane-pitch ephelele. Lokhu kwakuthakazelisa ngokwako, kodwa-ke bathola okuthile okuthakazelisa nakakhulu: uma uthatha iqembu lezingane ezineminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala futhi uzifundise ukudlala ivayolini, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa ezinye zazo zizobe sezithuthuke kakhulu, futhi kuzo zonke lezo zimo ukwakheka kobuchopho bakho kuzobe sekuguqukile. Hhayi ... lokho kungasho ukuthini ngathi sonke? Sijwayele ukukholelwa ukuthi ingqondo ithinta umzimba nokuthi umzimba uthinta ingqondo, kepha ngokuvamile asikholwa ukuthi konke esikwenzayo kuthinta ubuchopho. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi uma othile engangimemeza ngaphesheya komgwaqo, ubuchopho bami bungathinteka futhi impilo yami ingashintsha, yingakho umama wayehlale ethi: "Ungazihlanganisi nalabo bafana ababi" futhi umama wayeqinisile , umcabango ushintsha impilo yethu nokuziphatha kwethu.

Ngicabanga nokuthi ukudweba kusebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ngingumsekeli omkhulu wokudweba, hhayi ngoba ngibe ngumfanekiso, kepha ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi ukudweba kuguqula ubuchopho, ngendlela efanayo nokuthola inothi elifanele kushintsha impilo ye-violinist. Ukudweba kukwenza unake, kukwenza unake lokho okubonayo, okungelula kangako.

8. Ukungabaza kungcono kunokuqiniseka

Ikhono elibucayi libaluleke kakhulu. Ukubuza zonke izinhlobo zezinkolelo ezigxilile kusinikeza amathuba amaningi okubamba iqhaza. Imigqa yokugxila nezindlela zokuthuthukisa. Ukungabaza kusinikeza inkululeko ethe xaxa, eba yisiteshi esivulekele imithamo emikhulu yokukhuthazwa nezindlela ezihambisanayo nezisikisela okuthile. Ngombono obanzi futhi ohlanzekile, sizoba nethuba lokwenza ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kwemiqondo, singene ngokujule esikalini esikhulu futhi sigcine izinsalela ezinkulu ekujuleni kobuchule bethu. Izikole zigqugquzela umbono wokungayekethisi futhi uvikele umsebenzi wakho ngazo zonke izindlela. Yebo, iqiniso ukuthi wonke umsebenzi kufanele wenze ngaphezu kwanoma yini ngohlobo lokuzibophezela. Kumele wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uzibophezele kuyo. Ukuphishekela okuyimpumputhe kwezinjongo zakho ngaphandle kokukhipha ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye baqinisile, akubheki iqiniso lokuthi ekwakhiweni kwethu sihlala sibhekene nobuthathu: iklayenti, izilaleli kanye nawe uqobo. Ngokufanelekile, ngohlobo oluthile lwezingxoxo wonke amaqembu ayanqoba, kepha ukuzethemba ngokwakho kuyisitha.

Eminyakeni ethile eyedlule ngafunda into ephawuleka kakhulu ngothando, esebenza futhi ebudlelwaneni nabanye, kwakuyicaphuna ku-Iris Murdoch embhalweni wakhe wokungcwaba futhi yathi: “Uthando iqiniso elinzima kakhulu ukuliqonda. enye, engeyona eyodwa, ingokoqobo ”. Akuyona into emnandi? Isiphetho esihle kakhulu ngendaba yothando ongasicabanga.

9. Cishe iminyaka yobudala

Ngonyaka odlule othile wanginikeza incwadi enhle kaRoger Rosenblatt ngosuku lwami lokuzalwa olubizwa ngokuthi Aging Gracefully. Bengingasazi isihloko ngaleso sikhathi, kepha siqukethe isethi yemithetho yokuguga ngomusa. Umthetho wokuqala yiwona ohamba phambili: “Akunandaba. Akunandaba ukuthi ucabangani. Landela lo mthetho futhi uzokwengeza amashumi eminyaka empilweni yakho. Akukhathalekile ukuthi kusheshe noma kamuva, uma ulapha noma laphaya, ukuthi ukusho noma cha, uma uhlakaniphile noma uyisilima. Uma uphume ucasukile noma unempandla noma uma umphathi wakho ekubuka uklwebhekile noma isoka lakho noma intombi yakho ikubuka uklwebhekile, uma uklwebhekile. Ukuthi uthola leso siphakamiso noma umklomelo noma indlu noma cha: akunandaba. " Ukuhlakanipha okukhulu. Ngabe sengizwa indaba emnandi ebukeka ihlobene nomthetho wenombolo 10:

Unosila wayevula ibhizinisi lakhe ngolunye usuku ekuseni futhi ngenkathi enza kanjalo, unogwaja wafaka ikhanda lakhe emnyango. U-butcher wamangala lapho unogwaja ebuza, "Unayo iklabishi?" Ubhusha waphendula wathi: "Lesi isitolo senyama, sidayisa inyama, hhayi imifino." Unogwaja weqa kwathi ngosuku olulandelayo lapho umthengisi wenyama evula ibhizinisi lakhe, waphinde wakhipha ikhanda lakhe wabuza, "Unayo iklabishi?" Obhusha, esevele ethukuthele, uphendule wathi: "Ngilalele ntombi encane, ngikutshele izolo ukuthi sidayisa inyama, hhayi imifino kanti ngokuzayo lapho uza lapha ngizokubamba entanyeni ngizinamathele lezozindlebe phansi." Unogwaja wanyamalala futhi akwenzekanga lutho isonto lonke. Kwathi ngolunye usuku ekuseni unogwaja wakhipha ikhanda lakhe ekhoneni wabuza, "Unazo izipikili?" lapho ubhusha athi, "Cha," kusho unogwaja, "Unayo iklabishi?"

10. Khuluma iqiniso

Indaba kanogwaja ibalulekile ngoba ngifikelwe ukuthi ukufuna iklabishi esitolo senyama kuzofana nokufuna izimiso zokuziphatha emkhakheni wezokwakha. Akubonakali njengendawo engcono yokuyithola.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi kwikhodi entsha yokuziphatha ye-American Institute of Graphic Art kunenani elibalulekile lemininingwane mayelana nokuziphatha kumakhasimende nakwabanye abaklami, kepha hhayi igama ngobuhlobo bomklami nomphakathi. Okulindelekile ebhusha ukuthi uthengisa inyama edliwayo futhi angadukisi izinto. Ngiyakhumbula ngifunda ukuthi, phakathi neminyaka kaStalin eRussia, konke okwakubizwa ngokuthi "inyama yenkomo" empeleni kwakuyinkukhu. Angifuni ukucabanga ukuthi yini engabizwa ngokuthi "inkukhu."

Singakwemukela ukukhohliswa okuncane, njengokuqanjelwa amanga ngenkomba yamafutha yama-hamburger, kepha lapho ubhusha esidayisela inyama ebolile, siya kwenye indawo. Njengabaqambi, ingabe sinomthwalo omncane ezilalelini zethu kunebhusha? Noma ngubani onentshisekelo yokuqasha abaklami bezithombe kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kweKolishi elisemthethweni ukuvikela umphakathi, hhayi abaklami noma amakhasimende. "Ungalimazi" yisexwayiso kodokotela esihlobene nobudlelwano babo neziguli zabo, hhayi nozakwabo noma namalabhorethri. Ukube besingabalingani, ukukhuluma iqiniso bekungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wethu.