Ngabe ungena emhlabeni wezithombe? Uma kunjalo, enye yezinto eziyisisekelo odinga ukuyazi uhlobo lwe imigomo okukhona nokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi ngamunye wabo onawo. Ezikhathini eziningi, kuzoba lula ukusebenzisa eyodwa noma enye ukuthola umphumela omuhle futhi uthole okuningi kunekhamera yakho.
Izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele sizicabangele ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamalensi yinkambu yokubuka nokujula kwensimu. Umqondo wokuqala ubhekisa kububanzi (noma i-engeli) yokubanjwa kanye nezinkulumo zesibili mayelana nokukwazi ukumela ibanga phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezakha ukwakheka kwethu. Zombili izakhi ziyancipha njengoba sikhulisa ubude bokugxila.
Singenza umehluko ocacile ngokususelwa ku- ibanga lokugxila (okuyibanga eliphakathi kwedayaphragm yekhamera nokugxila kwelensi yethu uqobo) ne-engeli yokubuka (ububanzi bombono obunikezayo). Ngezansi ungayibona ngendlela ecace kakhulu:
Iso lezinhlanzi
Luhlobo lwelensi olusinika indawo enkulu yokubona efinyelela kuma-degree angama-180 noma ngaphezulu. Ubude obugxile bokudotshwa kwenhlanzi emfeni ngokuvamile buba phakathi kwamamilimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesithupha. Lapho ubude bayo bokugxila buyisithupha siyothola i-amplitude efinyelela kuma-degree angama-220. Imvamisa zisetshenziswa njengomthombo wobuciko kanye nendlela yokuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka nevolumu esithombeni sethu. Ngayo sizokwazi ukumboza izikhala ezibanzi futhi sinikeze ukucaciseleka okukhulu emifanekisweni yethu ngoba ikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emigqeni eyakha izithombe.
I-engeli ebanzi
Liyi-lens egxile ephakathi kwamamilimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-35 futhi efinyelela ama-engeli wokubuka aphakathi kuka-180 no-60 degrees. Zibangela ukuhlanekezela emaphethelweni kodwa ngokunengqondo kugcizelelwe kakhulu kunalokho okuvela nefishiye. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuguqulwa kuzogcizelelwa kakhulu noma kancane ngokuya ngekhwalithi yenhloso okukhulunywa ngayo. Iphuzu layo eliqinile ukuthi lisinikeza ubuqiniso obukhulu ezithombeni zethu ngoba linenkundla ebanzi futhi inekhono elikhulu lokuthwebula ukukhanya. Lapho ulisebenzisa, kufanele wazi ukuthi ibanga liyinto eyisisekelo, ngoba into noma umlingiswa esimthwebayo kuzophazamiseka kakhulu lapho sisondela kuso. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kaningi ekuthwebuleni i-landscape noma ezindaweni ezivulekile, kufaka phakathi nezindawo zangaphakathi.
Ilensi ejwayelekile
Le modi inikeza i-engeli yokubuka ezungeze ama-degree angama-45 ngakho-ke ifana kakhulu neso lomuntu. Le nketho ngeke ikhiqize noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhubazeka emigqeni nasezindaweni ezakha isithombe sethu. Imvamisa kungamamilimitha angama-50 futhi futhi yiyona ekhanya kakhulu, ngoba ifinyelela ukuvulwa okuphezulu.
I-Macro
Imvamisa zinobude obugxile phakathi kwamamilimitha ayi-150 kuya kwangama-200. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthwebula izithombe zemvelo, ikakhulukazi kwimodi yaso enkulu ngoba kusivumela ukuthi sibonise izitshalo noma izinambuzane ngaphandle kokuhlasela indawo yazo yemvelo noma isikhala sazo. Ubude bayo obude obude buzosivumela ukuthi sithathe izithombe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 (isikali sangempela) futhi ebangeni elide ngendlela yokuthi izinto ekubanjweni kwethu ngeke zazi ukuthi silapho. Intengo yayo iphezulu kakhulu ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela ukubona umthwebuli wezithombe osanda kuqala ephethe eyodwa yalezi ezandleni zabo. Bavumela ukugxila kufinyelela kusentimitha kude nelensi (lokhu kusondele impela futhi kuyinto encane).
Ifoni emfushane
Lolu hlobo lwelensi lunobude obugxile phakathi kuka-70 no-135mm. Inkambu ebonakalayo esinikezayo ingaphansi kwaleyo enikezwa ukubona komuntu. Kubonakala ngokusondela entweni okukhulunywa ngayo futhi ngayo ukujula kwensimu kuqala ukuncipha. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni emifanekisweni ehlelekile, yize futhi ilusizo kakhulu ekuthatheni izithombe zemvelo noma kusekhona izimpilo.
Ama-Telephoto nama-Super telephoto lens
Zenzelwe ukuthwebula izithombe ezikude, okungukuthi, ukumboza izithombe zomhlaba wonke noma ezemidlalo ngokwesibonelo. Iphuzu layo eliqinile ngakho-ke yikhono lokusondeza isithombe. Lokhu kwenza i-engeli yakho yokubuka ibe ncanyana, izulazule cishe ngama-degree angamashumi amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bayo bokugxila buvame ukuba okungenani amamilimitha ayisikhombisa. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ekucindezelweni kwezindiza ukuze ubuqiniso buthinteke ikakhulukazi maqondana nebanga. Kujwayelekile impela ukuthi uma izithombe zithwetshulwe kude kakhulu ibanga eliphakathi kwezakhi lifinyezwa ngokungeyikho futhi linikeze umphumela oyisicaba. Kuyamangaza ukuthi futhi zilungele ukusebenza ezithombeni ezithwetshuliwe ngenxa yekhono lazo lokugxila nokwenza ukugxila kokukhetha lapho isikhungo noma iphuzu lokunaka licace bha futhi zonke ezinye izinto zingagxilwe kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze umphumela we-bokeh okhangayo. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa ngokunengqondo ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi ulinganise futhi usebenze ngokuphelele ngokugxila futhi ngakho-ke usebenze umsebenzi wokuxhumana ngempumelelo ngendlela eyiyo (khumbula ukuthi iso lomuntu lisebenza ncamashi nalolu). Lapho usebenza ezithombeni ubude obugxile buphakathi kwamamilimitha ayisikhombisa namakhulu amathathu namashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Lapho sisebenzisa ubude obude obude bokugxila kuzodingeka siqhubekele phambili kude nento noma umlingiswa esifuna ukumthwebula ukuze sigxile kuyo. Ngenxa yezici zayo, kuyinto ebalulekile lapho usebenza ezithombeni zemvelo noma zasendle zezilwane noma imicimbi ngokwemvelo yazo ephoqa umthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi agcine amabanga athile njengomcimbi wemvelo noma wezemidlalo.
U-Elena Azofeifa