Namuhla usuku lwamazwe ngamazwe lobucikoMhlawumbe sigubha ingxenye yomhlaba wethu esenza sibe ngabantu kakhulu. Uhlobo lokubonakaliswa kwemvelo yethu ebelokhu lukhula futhi lugcwala kuzo zonke izici zezinhlobo zethu. Ubuciko yizincwadi, ubuciko isithombe, ividiyo, ifilimu, ingoma, ukutolika ... Kodwa Wake wazibuza ukuthi obani obaba befa esiligcinayo namuhla? Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubuciko bazalwa kanjani futhi nini?
Nayi imisuka yokubaza, ukudweba, umculo, izithombe, ifilimu kanye newebhu. Ngiyazi ukuthi ngishiye eminye imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko efana nokulingisa, ukudansa noma ukuthayipha ... Kepha ngiyazi ukuthi ukwenza lokhu okuthunyelwe ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlanganisa bonke ubuciko, ngangihlala ngishiya ezinye (okuyisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu) . Kujabulele!
Isifanekiso sokuqala emlandweni
Into yamatshe endala kuneminyaka engaphezu kuka-400.000 ubudala, inesimo somuntu, futhi ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yiphephabhuku i-Anthropology Actual, ngokwengxenye yenziwe ngumuntu. Kutholwe eMorocco cishe ngonyaka we-1999 futhi kusukela lapho impikiswano iyaqhubeka ifihlekile ngoba ososayensi abaningi bathola izizathu ezanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi isidalwa esenziwe okhokho bethu, noma kukhona elinye iqembu lososayensi abavikela ukuthi ukwakheka kwenzeka ngengozi. into yokuguguleka.
Ukudweba kokuqala emlandweni
Isikhathi lapho umuntu akwazi ukudweba umugqa futhi awunikeze incazelo kwakuyileso sikhathi lapho axhumana khona ngokoqobo nobukhulu obuphakeme futhi wakwazi ukungena emhlabeni wokukhishwa nemibono. Ngokuphikisana nalokho obekucatshangwa isikhathi eside, uHomo sapiens wayengeyena owokuqala ukwenza ukwakheka okubonakalayo. Lo mugqa omile njenge-zigzag owenziwe kugobolondo le-mollusk ungaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-400 ubudala, ngakho-ke empeleni bekungummeleli wakudala kunabo bonke bohlobo lwethu, uHomo erectus, obesenekhono lokufanekisa nokucabanga ngezinto ezingabonakali. Umsebenzi wobuciko obuncane obuguqule unomphela imicabango eyayinayo mayelana nomlando wokuqala kanye nezinga lokuziphendukela kwemvelo ababenalo okhokho bethu.
Ingoma yokuqala emlandweni
Umculo mhlawumbe ubuciko bendawo yonke nobuzimele kunabo bonke obukhona. Ulimi olusebenza ngokwanele ukudlulisa imininingwane ngamandla nangamandla ngaphandle kokunaka okuthile kwangaphandle. Ngokungafani nobuciko obubukwayo, umculo awudingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungiselela kwangaphambilini ukuthi lumbulwe, noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi noma isiko elisekelayo. Kuzosithokozisa ngamandla alinganayo kungakhathalekile ukuthi singumamukeli onjani. Ziningi izifundo ezenziwayo ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi ingoma yokuqala eyenziwe ngumuntu selokhu afika emhlabeni. Cishe ngawo-3400, kwatholakala ezinye izibhebhe zobumba eMesopotamiya, ikakhulukazi ekumbeni okwenziwa eRoyal Palace e-Ugarit. Ikhuluma ngamahubo okuqala aqanjwa ngumuntu. Baneminyaka engama-1400 ubudala (ingeka-XNUMX BC) futhi iyinhlanganisela eyenzelwe ukunxusa uNkulunkulukazikazi Wezingadi, uNikkal, ogama lakhe lisho iGreat Lady nomama o-Fruitful kaJarikh, uNkulunkulu weNyanga. Amathebulethi anikeza imiyalo yokuthi ingqikithi kufanele ihunyushwe kanjani ngehabhu noma ngehabhu.
Isithombe sokuqala emlandweni
Kubizwa IPoint de vue du Gras futhi wathunjwa cishe ngonyaka we-1826 ngunjiniyela odumile uNicéphore Niépce evela enqolobaneni yakhe. Ngemuva kokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwesithombe nge-X-ray spectrometer, kwembulwe izinto ezisetshenziselwe ukuthatha leso sithombe sokuqala: Ipuleti elisindayo lesithombe elimbozwe ngohlobo lwengxube ketshezi yebitume lamajuda nelawoyela we-lavanta oqina noma uqinise lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Igcinwe e-University of Texas e-Austin.
Ifilimu yokuqala emlandweni
Impela uma uzibuza ukuthi yayiyini ividiyo yokuqala ethathwe emlandweni wesintu, ababhali abanjengoLumière noma uThomas Edison bakuhlasela, kepha iqiniso ukuthi akekho noyedwa kulaba balingisi abathathu owathatha ifilimu yokuqala kodwa kwakungumqambi waseFrance uLouis Le Prince ingadi yendlu yabasekhweni lakhe eNgilandi. Ibizwa nge- "The Roundhay Garden Scene" futhi inesikhathi esifushane ngokwedlulele (ikakhulukazi amasekhondi angu-1,66) kodwa yinde ngokwanele ukuthi ingathathwa njengefilimu yokuqala emlandweni. Kwaqoshwa ngo-Okthoba 14, 1888, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kukaThomas Alva Edison neminyaka eyisikhombisa ngaphambi kwabafowethu baseLumière. Yenziwe ngozimele abangama-20 okuthi, uma sebenziwe kabusha ne-projector yeLe Prince ngamafreyimu ayi-12 ngomzuzwana, basinike imizuzwana engu-1,66 yobude beteyipu. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwedijithali kwakamuva kukhulise izithombe zaba ngozimele abangama-52, okuthi lapho kudlalwa emuva kozimele bamanje abangama-24 ngejubane lesibili le-cinema ejwayelekile, kuveze itheyiphu enwetshiwe yesibili-2,11.
Kodwa-ke, ubaba weqiniso nomsunguli webhayisikobho waba nesiphetho esibuhlungu esimbozwe yizimfihlakalo. Wanyamalala ngoSepthemba 16 engaziwa nakancane ngabo-1890 eFrance. Wathatha isitimela wavakashela umfowabo wabe eseya e-United States ukuyokwethula lokho akusungulayo futhi athole nelungelo lobunikazi. Wagibela leso sitimela wanyamalala emhlabeni. Akashiyanga mkhondo. Isidumbu nempahla yakhe asikaze sitholakale. Umbono ocatshangelwa kabanzi ukuthi wabulawa ngaphansi komyalo ka-Edison ukuze athole ilungelo lobunikazi le-cinematograph.
Iwebhusayithi yokuqala emlandweni
UTim Berners Lee wethule iWorld Wide Web indlela yokushintshisana ngolwazi ngamakhompyutha. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 1993, kwashicilelwa umqulu wokuqala ovuleleke kuwo wonke umuntu futhi uzoba yikhasi lewebhu lokuqala emlandweni wesintu. Inhloso kaBerners-Lee, owayeneminyaka engama-34 ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemininingwane e-European Center for Particle Physics (CERN) lapho ayesebenza khona eSwitzerland. “Sasingo-1989, i-inthanethi yayivele ikhona, thumela ama-imeyili kodwa abengekho amakhasi enetheni. Kwakungekho i-http noma i-html. Awukwazanga ukubheka ikhasi ukuze ubone okuqukethwe kwalo. Ngaqala ukukhungatheka kakhulu ngakho. Ngicabange uhlelo lapho, ngendlela elula, umuntu angavakashela ikhasi ngalinye emva kwelinye futhi ukusuka lapho nginqume ukuthi yini engifuna ukuyakha ”, kuchaza umdali kwinhlolokhono. Ungayivakashela kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi.
