Kunemiqondo ethile okufanele siyiqonde futhi siyiphathe kahle uma sifuna ukuba yingxenye yomhlaba wezithombe ngendlela engathi sína nenobuchwepheshe. Uma uzethula kulo mhlaba, kufanele wazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye lezo okuyisimangaliso idivayisi ozoyisebenzisa ukwenza umsebenzi wakho.
Ukuqala sizokhuluma ngezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile nezinqumayo: I-shutter kanye ne-diaphragm.
Ukuvalwa:
Kuvame ukuvezwa ngendlela engeyona efanele njenge- "speed shutter" kumakhamera. I-shutter iyidivayisi elawula isikhathi lapho ukukhanya kuzoshaya khona inzwa yekhamera yethu. Lesi sikhathi sokuchayeka singasethwa ngamanani, futhi ukugxuma ngakunye phakathi kwalawa manani kubizwa ngokuthi isinyathelo. Lawa manani ngokuvamile avela ku- Imizuzwana engama-30 no-1/8000 wesekhondi kumakhamera anamandla kakhulu. Singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezikhathi ze-shutter:
- Izinkathi zokuvala ezimfushane: Imvamisa iba ngaphansi kwamasekhondi ayi-1/60 futhi kulezi zivalo zihlala zivulekile isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngakho-ke kuzovumela ukukhanya okuncane kudlule kubheke enzwa yethu. Umphumela uzohlala ungumphumela wokuqandisa, okungukuthi, ukuncipha okubonakalayo kokuhamba.
- Izikhathi zokuvala isikhathi eside: Imvamisa iba mide kunemizuzwana eyi-1/60. Kulokhu, i-shutter ihlala ivulekile isikhathi eside ukuze ukukhanya okukhulu kuwele. Lapho kusetshenziswa izikhathi zokuchayeka isikhathi eside, okufunwayo kungumphumela wesipoki, noma lokho kusinika umuzwa wokuhamba. Noma kunini lapho sisebenzisa izinkathi zokuvala isikhathi eside, kuyalulekwa ukuthi sisebenzise i-tripod, njengoba konke ukunyakaza, noma ngabe kuncane kangakanani, kungaba nemiphumela emihle ezithombeni zethu.
Izinombolo ze-diaphragm ne-f:
I-diaphragm iyithuluzi elihlinzeka ngelensi ye- ikhono lokubala inani lokukhanya engena ekamelweni. Kuya ngezinga lokuvula noma lokuvala, ukukhanya okukhulu noma okuncane kuzongena. Isikhundla ngasinye kule divayisi sivezwa ngenombolo f, okuwubudlelwano phakathi kobude obugxile nobubanzi besikhala sedayaphragm. Njengoba uzobona, i-diaphragm ilandela inqubo efanayo ne-iris yeso lakho elawula inani lokukhanya elingena futhi liphume.
Izinombolo f yilezi ezilandelayo futhi zitholakala ngochungechunge lwezibalo olutholakala ngokuphindaphinda u-1 no-1,4 ngo-2, yize zingabonakala njengengxenyenamba: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22 ...
1 X 2 = 2, 2 x 2 = 4, 4 X 2 = 8, 8 X 2 = 16, 16 X 2 = 32 noma 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ukuthola okusele kufanele ukwenze okufanayo ngo-1,4 , 1.4 futhi uzothola u-2.8, 5.6, 11, 22, XNUMX ...
Yize lo mqondo unokujula okukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngombono wesayensi kanye nowezibalo okwamanje futhi uma ungena kuwo, ukwazi incazelo yawo nomphumela wayo ngokusebenza emsebenzini wethu njengabathwebuli bezithombe kuzokwanela.
