Isithombe siyinto yethu esemqoka futhi eyisisekelo yomsebenzi, kepha Wake wazibuza ukuthi siyini isithombe nokuthi sifinyelela kanjani ebuchosheni bethu? Kulesi sihloko ngithanda ukwabelana nawe ngesifinyezo esifushane ngenqubo lapho sithola khona izithombe kanye nokufaniswa okukhona phakathi kohlelo lwezinto eziphilayo (ubuchopho neso lomuntu) kanye nohlelo lwedijithali (kodwa futhi ne-analog) ezithombeni nakwezithombe zevidiyo amakhamera.
Umqondo esinawo wezwe, umbono wethu weqiniso, walokho okusizungezile nathi uqobo, kungenxa enkulu yokungenelela kwezinqubo ezifanayo (noma izinqubo ezenziwa ngomshini), yize kukhona okuhlukile. Izazi zemvelo nezazi zalesi simo zigcine kuwo wonke umlando wokuthi umbono womuntu unamaphuzu amaningi ngokufana nezinqubo zedijithali ngenxa yokuthi amakhamera wesithombe noma wevidiyo nezikena ezithwebula izithombe. Futhi, bekungeke kube ngenye indlela, umzimba womuntu uwumshini ophelele futhi onamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kungaba yisiphukuphuku ukungawuthathi njengesethenjwa lapho uqala ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuthwebula nokukhiqiza izithombe. Ngandlela thile, umbono womuntu inqubo "yedijithali", futhi lokhu ngikusho ngezimpawu zokucaphuna ngoba kuyacaca ukuthi kunomehluko omningi kakhulu phakathi kokuqhathanisa okubili, kodwa ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile izingxenye zenqubo zinomsebenzi ofana kalula.
Cabanga ngedivayisi eyenziwe ngohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-autofocus olukhanyisa ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni kusodongeni lwangemuva lwebhokisi. Lolu donga lufakwe izinzwa ezincane, ngasinye sithatha ingxenye encane yesithombe. Futhi cabanga ukuthi lezi zinzwa zithumela imininingwane etholwe ngaleyo ndlela kumprosesa okwazi uku-oda ucezu ngalunye lolwazi kunzwa ngayinye ukwakha isithombe. Ngokungenakuqhathaniswa isithombe nomqondo ofika engqondweni owekhamera enezithombe Kunjalo?
Futhi ukuthi inzwa yekhamera yakhiwe ngamaseli amancane, ngalinye elithola ulwazi ngengxenye encane yesithombe. Empeleni sikhuluma ngesikhwama semali, eyabelana ngesakhiwo esifana nalesi esisanda kuchaza ngamakhamera edijithali. Emehlweni ethu kunochungechunge lwezinzwa zebhayoloji ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor, ezimise okwekhoni kanye nenduku, okuthi, ngezinqubo ze-photochemical, zehlise isithombe abasitholayo sibe izingcezu ezincane zedatha. Lolu lwazi ludluliselwa ngenzwa ye-optic, ephelela ebuchosheni, inhloso yayo ukubuyisa yonke idatha ukwakha izithombe eziphelele. Ama-cones abhekene nombono wombala nombono ophakathi; Badinga ukukhanya okuhle ukuze basebenze. Ama-swabs anakekela umbono wepheripheral futhi angasebenza ngokukhanya okuncane.
Isithombe siyindlela yokubona iqiniso elivela ngokudluliswa kokukhanya. Lapho sithola isithombe, asitholi umfanekiso wezinhlangothi ezimbili, owenziwa lapho ukukhanya kudlula kulensi futhi kukhonjiswe ebusweni. Inqubo yombono empeleni ilula kakhulu, into ebalulekile eyenza yonke inqubo ibe lula. Ukukhanya kukhombisa izinto futhi kuqondiswe ngasesweni, okungeyona into eyinhloso yezithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphansi kwayo kukhona i-emulsion yemvelo. Izinto ezahlukahlukene zinamakhono ahlukahlukene okukhombisa ukukhanya, futhi kuya ngobude bamaza abubonisayo, (khumbula, isibonelo, ukuthi lokho umbala omnyama okwenzayo kuthatha ukukhanya ngenkathi umbala omhlophe okwenzayo kukhombisa ukuthi kuveza inani elikhulu) unombala owodwa noma omunye nangamandla aguquguqukayo. Futhi ukubheka konke lokhu, lapho uthwebula izithombe umuntu udale amadivayisi alingisa indlela yokuziphatha kweso lomuntu. Amakhamera we-Analog photographic and cinematographic izindlela ezinohlelo lwamalensi akhanyisa ku-emulsion yesiliva. Amakhamera we-digital amile namavidiyo enza into efanayo, kepha afaka isithombe ku-chip yokubamba isithombe ebizwa I-CCD (Idivayisi ekhokhisiwe ehlanganisiwe). Lawa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe asebenzisa ithuba lezinto ezithile ze-semiconductor ukukhiqiza isignali kagesi lapho bethola ama-photon. Ama-CCD, akhiwa izinkulungwane zamaseli amancane aqoqa ukukhanya, aqhekeza isithombe sibe izinkulungwane zezicucu ezincane. Akhiwe ngamangqamuzana amancane, ngalinye eliqopha futhi lidlulise ukwaziswa okuhambisana nocezu olulodwa lwesithombe, kube sengathi kuyindida.
Kulungile? Lapha unomfanekiso ofingqa kahle lokhu kufana futhi okusenza siqonde kahle ukuthi amakhamera asebenza kanjani.
