Umdwebo we-anatomy

Abaningi bezithombe bayakwazi ukudala izingxenye zomuntu emzimbeni wethu. Bakwenza ngendlela elula ekhangayo kangangokuthi singakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye noma indawo yomzimba wethu evezwe kahle.

Zonke lezi zingxenye zibizwa ngokuthi i-anatomy yokudweba, futhi akuyona into engaphezu komsebenzi wobuciko obhekene nomdwebo wengaphakathi lomzimba wethu. Le nqubo isetshenziswe abadwebi bamakhathuni abaningi, kuhlanganise nabaculi bezincwadi zamahlaya.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokwethula emhlabeni wobuciko wokudweba, ikakhulukazi umdwebo wezobuchwepheshe noma we-anatomical. Futhi futhi, sizochaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokwenza umzimba womuntu ophelele.

Ingabe uyalokotha uzivumele ukuba uthathwe umfanekiso?

I-anatomy yobuciko

I-Anatomy iqondwa ngokuthi isayensi ecwaninga ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo, okungukuthi, indawo nokuhlelwa kwezitho zayo (njengamathambo, imisipha kanye ne-viscera) kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwazo. Ukwakheka kwezidalwa eziphilayo kubizwa nangokuthi i-anatomy. Leli gama lisetshenziswa kakhulu kwisayensi efana nemithi kanye ne-biology.

Igama elithi anatomy livela esiGrekini futhi lakhiwe isandiso esithi ana (okusho ukuthi ngenhla) kanye nesenzo esithi tomé (okusho ukusika noma ukusika). Inhlanganisela yala magama yakha igama elithi anatémnein, elisho "ukusika ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi" kanye "nokuhlakaza". Umsuka wegama elithi anatomy awuzenzeki, njengoba isisekelo sale sayensi sihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa izidumbu ukuze zifundwe. Labo abafunda noma yiliphi igatsha lebhayoloji, kumele bafunde i-anatomy yezinto abazicwaningayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu noma isilwane, okuhlanganisa nesitshalo.

Kodwa uma singena ngokujulile emhlabeni wobuciko, i-anatomy yobuciko iqukethe isenzo se dala kabusha noma uhumushe ngokudweba umzimba womuntu. Ngamanye amazwi, umdwebi wekhathuni owenza lolu hlobo lwemifanekiso akumele abe nolwazi ngamasu obuciko kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokwesayensi.

Thuthukisa i-anatomy yomzimba

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa imifanekiso yethu yabalingiswa iwukufunda indlela umzimba womuntu osebenza ngayo. Kulesi sifundo, sichaza ukuthi udweba kanjani umzimba ofanele ngokwe-atomically: amathambo amakhulu nemisipha, indlela ikhanda elixhumeka ngayo ku-torso ngokusebenzisa umgogodla, kanye nezimo zezingalo.

Ngaphambi kokuba sikwethule, silindele ukuthi i-anatomy ayilula, kodwa sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko singakuqondisa futhi sikukhuthaze ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Sizoqala ngezingxenye ezakha umfanekiso womuntu:

Umqolo

Ikholomu yomgogodla Iwukusekela komzimba, futhi yiyona evumela ukuhamba kwe-torso. Ukuma kwayo kuqondile kuhlukanisa umuntu kwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ayiwona umugqa oqondile, kodwa i-curvilinear, ukuhlelwa kwayo kunikeza i-pelvis ne-rib cage ukuthambekela kancane. Ukuze uyibone ngeso lengqondo kangcono, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu:

1. I-Cervical: esekela futhi inikeze ukuhamba ekhanda.
2. I-dorsal noma i-thoracic: esekela izimbambo.
3. I-Lumbar: kancane ngaphambi kokufinyelela i-pelvis, exhunywe ku-sacrum.

Intamo

Emqaleni, umlomo wesibeletho, utholakala ngemuva komhlathi, kunezinhlobonhlobo zemisipha ezingenelayo ekunyakazeni kwekhanda, lowo ogqama kakhulu unegama elide impela (sternocleidomastoid) kodwa ungabona kalula ngoba emise okwe-V, iqala kusukela endlebeni kuya enkabeni yama-clavicles. Enkabeni yale misipha kune-apula lika-Adamu, eligqame kakhulu emadodeni.

ingxenye engezansi yezimbambo

Umambambo Yisisekelo esichaza izingalo. Ungayidweba ngezindlela eziningi, ngithanda ukuyinikeza isimo se-ovoid esifana kakhulu nohlaka lwezimbambo.

I-Torso

I-torso yomuntu ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-sternum yikho okuvala lesi sakhiwo engxenyeni engaphambili. Leli thambo nomgogodla kwakha imigqa ecatshangelwayo ehlukanisa umzimba kabili. Clavicles, zifana nesibambo sebhayisikili. Ungacabanga ngabo njengento yokusekela amahlombe, njalo lapho izingalo zihamba, zizoshintsha indlela.

Ngemuva sithola ngemuva, lapho uzothola khona scapulae, ipheya lamathambo amise okwenxantathu azonikeza ukunyakaza ezingalweni. Umhlane uba nezinguquko ngokuya ngokunyakaza kwala mathambo. Futhi ekugcineni, the i-pelvis, etholakala ekugcineni kwe-torso, ixhuma ku-lumbar spine kusuka ku-sacrum. Ezinhlangothini zombili ungabona amathambo e-coxal, futhi ngaphambili, indawo ye-pubic.

Njengoba lawa angamathambo angalingani, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwenza lula ngokudweba ama-disc amathambo e-coxal, kanye ne-sacrum njengonxantathu ohlanekezelwe. I i-coxal, izokuqondisa ukuthi udwebe ama-angles e-hip. Ngemuva, ama-dimples amabili ekupheleni komgogodla, ngaphambi kokufinyelela ezinqeni, azokusiza ukuthi ubone i-sacrum.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-hips wesifazane ngokuvamile abanzi kunama-hips abesilisa - omunye umehluko wabo omkhulu.

Izingalo

Engxenyeni yokuqala yengalo, yi- i-humer, ithambo elide, eliqinile elixhuma endololwaneni futhi likhulume umphambili. Engalweni uzothola i i-radius kanye ne-ulnaLawa mathambo awela ukuvumela ukuzungezisa isihlakala, abanye abaculi badweba ingxenye yengalo njengebhokisi ukuchaza umthamo waso.

Uyabona ukuthi engalweni yethu, sineqhubu elincane kakhulu ngezansi nje kwesihlakala. Iyingxenye ye-ulna, thatha njengendawo eyinkomba yokuthola umumo wengalo.

Imilenze

Imilenze yakhiwe amathambo amaningana: the femur ethangeni; i edolweni, umlenze ophakathi, i i-fibula ne-tibia endaweni yamathole.

Imilenze kufanele isekele umzimba futhi iwunikeze ibhalansi oyidingayo, kodwa kunemininingwane ngezinye izikhathi esiphunyukayo: imilenze ayinayo imigqa eqondile ngokuphelele, ukuze kube nokulinganisela, kufanele kube nesigqi, phawula ukuthambekela okuncane i-femur kusukela okhalweni kuya emadolweni, futhi emfanekisweni amajika adala i-contour yomlenze eyibuka eceleni.

Eminye imininingwane ethokozisayo yemilenze:

Phakathi kwethambo le-hip kanye ne-femur kunesikhala esivame ukubonakala njengokuqhekeka esikhumbeni, ikakhulukazi emadodeni anemisipha encane kuleyo ndawo. Emfanekisweni, sibona iqakala, amathambo asezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene, i-fibula iyona ephansi. Isibalo esivela ekubukeni kwangemuva kwamadolo, ohlangothini lwangaphandle, imisipha ayikhiqizi ukuguqulwa okungavamile ku-contour, kodwa ohlangothini lwangaphakathi i-bulge encane idalwe.

Izilinganiso zomzimba

Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zomzimba womuntu, kunendinganiso yezemfundo, okungukuthi,  7 noma 8 amakhanda Ilingana nosayizi ofanele umuntu omdala. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ngamunye unezilinganiso ezihlukene ngokwezimpawu zabo zomzimba, uma uqhathanisa abantu abanobude obuhlukene uzoqaphela, kodwa ngabanye, bagcina izilinganiso ngokomzimba wabo.

Ukuhlola lokhu, kwenziwa isibonelo esilandelayo: abadala ababili, indoda nowesifazane. Nakuba isibalo sowesifazane sisifushane, umzimba wakhe uhlukaniswe waba amakhanda angu-7 (angena ngaphakathi kwendinganiso) futhi isibalo sowesilisa sicishe silingane nesithathu ubude.

Kulesi sibonelo, isibalo somntwana singase sivele, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi esemncane, umzimba awukakhuli ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke izilinganiso zawo azicaciswanga, zizungezile. Amakhanda ama-5 ubude.

Amanye amaphuzu entshisakalo okufanele athuthukiswe

Uma sesichaze izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba womuntu emdwebeni, kuyadingeka ukuqeda le ngxenye ye-athikili, ngenxa yalokhu, sizoqhubeka nokuphakamisa amaphuzu amaningana abonisa ngamafuphi konke okubonwe ngenhla, nokuthi yini ingakusiza ukuthi uqhubeke uthuthukisa indlela yakho yokudweba.

Isimangalo: Funda ukuhamba kwabantu, ukuma kwabo, ukuhlukahluka komzimba, okungukuthi, dala igalari yezinkomba enkumbulweni yakho futhi, uma kungenzeka, thatha izithombe zayo.

Ukucabanga nge-3D: Ukuze uqonde isibalo kahle, kungcono ukusihlaziya ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Phenya: Funda ngezitho zomzimba, amathambo awo, imisipha yawo, nemisebenzi yawo ngokombono womdwebi. Sinentshisekelo ezingxenyeni ze-anatomy ezithinta ukubunjwa nokunyakaza komzimba.

Ungayeki ukudweba: Zijwayeze ukudweba wonke umfanekiso futhi wenze izifundo ezigxile ezingxenyeni ezinzima kakhulu kuwe.

Isiphetho

Umzimba womuntu ugcwele izimo ezithakazelisayo nezikhangayo kangangokuthi asazi ukuthi siqale kanjani ukubheka kuzo. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimo somuntu futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthi sikukhuthaza ukuthi usidwebe kahle, noma okungenani uzame.

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