Umlando we-swastika ubuyela emuva kakhulu kunencazelo edabukisayo futhi egcwele izenzo zonya ezenziwa ngu-Adolph Hitler eJalimane. Empeleni, i-swastika yayisho, futhi isho, okuphambene ngokuphelele nalokho lo mlingiswa akuhlohla ngophawu. Kodwa wake wakuzwa?
Namuhla sifuna ukugxila kuwe ukwazi umlando we-swastika. Uma uzibuza ukuthi kungani, sizokutshela ukuthi umklami kufanele azi umsuka wazo zonke izimpawu. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi lesi sishintsha kakhulu njengoba senzile lesi.
Umsuka we-swastika
Wonke umuntu uhlobanisa i-swastika njengophawu lweJalimane lobuNazi. Nokho, bambalwa kakhulu abazi ukuthi lokhu kwasetshenziswa kudala. Ngokwezazi-mlando, kuye kwatholakala ezinye izinto ezinalolu phawu. Ngokukhethekile, lezo esikwazile ukuzithola yilezi ezilandelayo:
Umzimba wenyoni oqoshwe ngomklamo wama-swastika axhumene. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwekhabhoni eyafakwa kukho, kuyaziwa ukuthi yaqala eminyakeni eyi-15000.
- Ama-swastikas alula ahlobene nesiko le-Neolithic Vinca eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, enziwe eminyakeni engu-7000 edlule. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyindlela yokuveza inombolo engu-13, njenge-swastika, ngabelusi baseDjowi (i-Iran yanamuhla).
- Izimbiza zobumba ezinama-swastikas asukela eminyakeni engu-4000.
- Izinhlamvu zemali ezivela eMesophothamiya yasendulo ezinophawu olufanayo futhi oluhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyizi-3000 XNUMX.
Konke lokhu kungakunika umbono wokuthi i-swastika ayizange isungulwe nguHitler. Futhi yayingenayo leyo ncazelo edabukisayo, enonya futhi “emnyama” eyanikezwa yona nayo.
Isho ukuthini i-swastika?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ngomlando we-swastika ukuthi wawunencazelo. Umsuka wayo kuthiwa ususelwa kubuHindu futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi leli gama livela kwelesiSanskrit suastíka, okusho ukuthi "inhlanhla kakhulu" (inhlanhla, evumayo). Ngakho-ke, incazelo ye-swastika yayinhle; Iza ukukhombisa impumelelo, inhlalakahle, inhlanhla, inhlanhla...
Uma sihlukanisa igama, lakhiwe ngamagama amabili:
- I-Su, okusho ukuthi kuhle noma kakhulu.
- i-asti, okuwumuntu wesithathu ebunyeni besenzo sokuba.
Ngakho-ke, singalihumusha ngokuthi kuhle, kuhle, noma, njengoba kuvame ukwaziwa, "inhlalakahle."
Akhona amanye amagama engaziwa ngawo, njengalawa alandelayo:
- I-Swastika.
- I-crampon yesiphambano.
- I-Tetraskel.
- Wan. Lesi sakamuva sifanelwe ukukhulunywa kakhudlwana njengoba sisetshenziswa eShayina njengohlamvu lwesiShayina (sihlobene nenombolo engu-10.000).
Ngaphambi kukaHitler, kwakuwuphawu olwamukelekayo kakhulu
Futhi hhayi nje ukwamukela, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi ezaziwayo zayisebenzisa. Kwakuwuphawu olwalumelela inhlanhla nezinhlanhla. Ngokwesibonelo, iCoca-Cola yayisebenzisa kwezinye izikhangiso ezazibekwe ezitolo. I-Carlsberg nayo yayisebenzisa emabhodleleni abo. Kwakukhona ngisho nomagazini obizwa ngokuthi i-Swastika owawuphethwe yi-Girls Club of America (okufana nabafana besifazane). Futhi amabheji analolu phawu athunyelwa kulabo ababhalisele iklabhu, ngaphezu kokunikezwa labo abadayise kakhulu.
Ngisho nebutho lase-US laligqoka ngokuziqhenya. Lokhu kwagxivizwa endizeni yeRoyal Air Force.
Okungenani, kwaze kwaba yilapho uHitler ebonakala futhi ebeka incazelo emnyama, enonya futhi engathandeki.
Isizathu esenza uHitler akhethe i-swastika njengophawu
Ngokwezazi-mlando, ngasekupheleni kwawo-30 izazi eziningi zaseJalimane zaziqinisekile ukuthi kukhona ukufana phakathi kwesiJalimane nesiSanskrit. Abanye baze bacabange ukuthi amaNdiya namaJalimane anokhokho abafanayo, kwase kuqala ukwakheka indaba lapho becabanga uhlanga lwamaqhawe amhlophe. Nginga.
Kwaba kanjalo ukuqiniseka kwalo mbono kangangokuthi amaqembu amaningi obuzwe anquma ukufaneleka kwe-swastika, enikeza incazelo "yokuziqhenya kwesizwe" futhi akubonise ngokumelene nabantu abangamaJuda, okwakuyinto kubo "engcolisa imvelaphi yabo ehlanzekile nekusasa labo. "..
KwakunguHitler owagcina enikeze umklamo manje osesabisa abaningi. Ku-Mein Kampf, uHitler wabhala:
«Okwamanje, ngemva kwemizamo engenakubalwa, ngasungula ifomu lokugcina; ifulege elinengemuva elibomvu, idiski elimhlophe ne-swastika emnyama phakathi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okude, ngithole nesilinganiso sokugcina phakathi kosayizi wefulegi nosayizi wediski emhlophe, kanye nokuma nokuqina kwe-swastika."
Ngaleso sikhathi yaba uphawu lwenkulumo-ze yamaNazi kanye nophawu olwaluphambene ngokuphelele nomsuka walo. Yebo, kumaJalimane kwakuwuphawu lokuziqhenya nobuzwe; kodwa kubantu bamaJuda kwakusho ukucindezelwa, ukwesaba nokufa kuphela.
I-swastika, uphawu olusetshenziswa emasikweni amaningi
Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-swastika iwuphawu lwasempumalanga kuphela noma ukuthi eYurophu yayikhona kuphela ngenkathi yamaNazi, iqiniso liwukuthi awulungile. Eqinisweni, kuyaziwa ukuthi yavela ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu. Kukhona amaGreki, amaCeltic, ama-Anglo-Saxon atholakala e-swastika, eMpumalanga Yurophu ... Okusitshela ukuthi uphawu lwaluvele lukhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka, luhlale lunomqondo omuhle.
Njengamanje, lolu phawu lungabonakala kubuciko bamaRoma, amaRomanesque namaGothic, ezindaweni ezidume njenge-Amiens Cathedral, eFrance, noma eduze, e-Valencia Cathedral (Isango Lesango Lensimbi).
Ama-mosaic, amafriezes, amavazi, izinhlamvu zemali, amathempeli ... futhi kuyingxenye yamasiko nemikhosi yamaHindu, lapho uphawu lusagcina leyo ncazelo enhle efuna inhlalakahle yanoma ubani oyigqokile.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-swastika
Ubuwazi ukuthi i-swastika inezimo ezimbili ezihlukene?
- I-swastika, enengalo engenhla ebheke kwesokudla futhi kuthiwa ingenxa yokuthi izungeza ngokwewashi.
- I-sauvástica, enengalo engenhla kwesokunxele (ngakho-ke izungeza ngokuphambene newashi).
Kuzo zombili izimo uphawu lunengqikithi yezinhlangothi ezingu-20, okulenza libe i-icoságono engavamile. Eyaziwa kakhulu imnyama, kodwa empeleni ineminye imibala eminingi njengobomvu, owolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka...
Manje uyazi kancane ngomlando we-swastika. Ucabanga ukuthi izosusa incazelo yayo emnyama?