Iyini i-brutalist design?

Kunemiklamo elinganiswa nge-psychology yayo engabonakali, kukhona eminye elinganiswa ngokubunjwa okuhle nokusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zegraphic. Kukhona abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abavame ukuba ne-boom enkulu ngenxa yokungalingani okuboniswa endaweni yesigameko.

Emashumini eminyaka, ukuklama bekungenye yezitayela zobuciko ezigxekwa kakhulu. Lesi simo siholele ekutheni abaklami abaningi bathathe kalula umklamo ophelele noma i-anti-design ephelele. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sikubonisa ukuthi iyiphi enye imisinga obungawazi futhi elayishwe umumo, imibala nezinkulumo ezingaqondwa wonke umuntu.

Saqala.

I-Brutalist Design: Kuyini?

Umklamo we-brutalist noma obizwa nangokuthi isihluku, ichazwa njengohlobo lokunyakaza kobuhle futhi equkethe imisebenzi ethile futhi ihlangabezana nokulindelwe, yingakho igama futhi lichazwa nangokuthi i-utilitarian.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu kwamanje okungavamile, inhloso yawo enkulu ukuthola umbono ophikisana nokuhlobisa wedizayini futhi iveze futhi ibonakale ivuna izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ukwakha imiklamo. Futhi ngokuqinisekile uzozibuza ukuthi yisiphi isitayela ayevelela kakhulu, ngoba Impela yayikhona ekwakhiweni kweminyaka yawo-1950 kuya ko-1970. Okumbalwa abangakwaziyo ukuthi manje isiphinde yavela ezibilinini zayo futhi isingene kakhulu emkhakheni wesimanje wokuklama idijithali.

Futhi kungani inikezwe ukubaluleka okungaka namuhla?Hhayi-ke, ngoba ingeminye yemidlalo edonsa amehlo ababukeli bayo. Idalula okudingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuzihlukanisa kokunye nalokho kwenza kube isitayela esibandayo nesinzima.

Izici eziyinhloko

Izici zobulwane zivame ukubonakala, leli qiniso lenza isitayela esihluke kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukusifanisa. Ngokungafani nezinye, imisinga yobuciko ibilokhu yenzeka ngokusho kowandulelayo. Ngobulwane bebelokhu bedlula kwenye indlela beya kwenye. Ake siqale:

• Umbukiso wezinto zokwakha: unesitayela sawo, okuyizakhiwo, futhi awunabo ubudlelwano nemidiya ye-inthanethi.
• Basebenzisa amathoni e-monochromatic atholakala kugrey, white and black.
• Kuchazwa njengesitayela esisebenzayo futhi esingaphelele noma esinqunu kusukela umklamo kanye nobuciko nobuhle abuhambisani nezindinganiso zayo.
• Izakhi ze-modular nokuphindaphinda kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Izingcezu zivame ukushiwo kanye nemiphetho ye-rectilinear. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingcezu azihlelwa noma azikhohliswa.

I-Brutalist Design: Umsuka

Umlando walokhu wamanje ongajwayelekile ake ukusho lokho iqala ngokubhujiswa, kubo siseminyakeni yawo-1940 kanye nalo, ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngalesi sikhathi, izakhiwo eziningi zase-UK zilele futhi zibonakala ziwile ngokuphelele futhi ziyincithakalo.

Izwe jikelele lidinga ukwakha kabusha le nhlekelele enkulukazi, kodwa kumele ikwenze ngokushesha okukhulu njengoba bedinga ukuhlinzeka ngezindlu zomakhelwane babo nezakhiwo zikahulumeni lapho bengabeka khona isimo sezwe elase licekeleke phansi ngokuphelele, kukho konke lokhu. futhi ijoyina ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Kwenye indawo sithola iSoviet Union, izwe eliseqophelweni eliphezulu lokumodela nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Ngoba, balungiselela ukwakha isitayela sezindlu ezakhiwe ngaphambili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Khrushchyovka, ezinye izindlu ezakhiwe ngezinto ezingabizi kakhulu futhi zifane nezinye izinhlobo zangaphambilini. Lesi sitayela sezakhiwo sihlose ukuqhela konxiwankulu kanye nokunethezeka futhi sibonise ukulingana komphakathi wamaKhomanisi.

Lesi sitayela sisakazeka futhi e-United Kingdom, sakha izakhiwo ezinjengeSikole saseHunstanton, Smithson Square eDolobheni laseWestminster, iBalfron Tower kanye neNational Theatre. Futhi nasemhlabeni wonke nge-Alumni Memorial Hall e-Illinois Institute of Technology, i-Perth Concert Hall e-Australia, i-Roberts Library e-Toronto.

Wazalwa kanje lo mnyakazo.

Ngemuva kweminyaka

Ukuduma okukhulu kwalesi sitayela esisha kwaletha imiphumela emihle, kuhlanganise nombuso wobushiqela. Okusho ukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto nezinsiza ezifana namakhanvasi amakhulu e-monochrome kwenze lokhu kwamanje kube okwamanje okungenambala nokumangazayo.

Ukuphela kwale nhlangano kwafika ngeminyaka yawo-70., kodwa kuze kube namuhla iye yashiya izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zomlando ezithakazelisa kakhulu zisakazeke emhlabeni wonke.

Idizayini ye-Brutalist enkathini yedijithali

Eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuphela komklamo wobulwane ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, kwasungulwa isici esisha noma okuphakathi, inkathi yedijithali. Ngokuthuthuka nokuziphendukela kwezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kwamanje bekukhona ekuxhumaneni kwedijithali.

Njengamanje, lokhu kunyakaza, okwethulwa enkathini yedijithali, kusukile kuzo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo noma ezingahluziwe futhi kuye kwagcina impande etholakala ebuqiniso kanye nokwakhiwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu.

I-Brutalism ekwakhiweni kwewebhu ibilokhu isebenza. Enye yamawebhusayithi avela kakhulu i-Craigslist edumile. Okuningi abaklami abangakwazi ukuthi uma sebesebenzisa izinsiza ezilula futhi eziwusizo, bagxila kulesi sitayela kumaphrojekthi nemisebenzi yabo.

Izici eziqhathaniswa nalezo zesitayela sezakhiwo ziye zavela kakhulu ku-typography kanye ngezinketho zombala ezahlukene. Ngokungafani nalezi zangaphambilini, azisekho i-monochromatic.

I-Brutalism: okwamanje

Namuhla, ubulwane bubuyele ezimpandeni zabo zezakhiwo. Esikhathini sedijithali, kuyenzeka ubone ngeso lengqondo isikrini esingenalutho lapho ukuthungwa nemibala kufihlwe. Konke ukuhlela kuyasuswa futhi amafonti edijithali nezithombe eziyisikwele ziyaboniswa.

I-Brutalism kanye ne-graphic design

I-Brutalism ekwakhiweni kwezithombe yayikhona ngenxa yesandulela sayo, Isitayela saseSwitzerland noma eyaziwa nangokuthi isitayela samazwe ngamazwe. Isitayela esivelele kakhulu kuma-50s. Lesi sitayela saziwa ngokucabangela nokucabangela emiklameni yaso. Ngakho-ke, basondela ezicini zokusebenza ezengeziwe futhi basuka kude nobuciko.

Kungakho ukubaluleka okukhulu kwanikezwa ukuqhathanisa kwe-typographic kanye nemigqa e-ode, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe amajamo wejometri alula nayindilinga, ama-typefaces anesibindi, izikrini ze-halftone, izithombe zezikhala nokuthungwa kwezinto ezivela kuzakhiwo.

Abaqambi noma abaculi

Thomas danthony

Ungumklami wezithombe nomdwebi wezithombe owazalelwa eFrance kodwa ozinze eLondon. Selokhu awina indondo ye-Handsome Future, useze wakhombisa ukuthi ungomunye wabadwebi bezithombe abathembisayo nabanekhono. Amakhasimende ayo anamandla kakhulu: i-M&C Saatchi, iMicrosoft, iNokia kanye ne-Little White Lies. Iyingxenye yesitayela sokuklama se-brutalist futhi igcina izimpande zesitayela saseSwitzerland ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwejometri.

Umsebenzi wakhe uvame ukuqukatha ukulandisa okuthuthukiswa ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa ngobuhlakani okuvumela izithombe zixoxe indaba futhi zenze umbukeli acabange.

U-Ernst Keller

U-Ernst Keller wazalwa ngo-1891 e-Aarau, eSwitzerland. Wafunda ubuciko nezincwadi futhi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakhe njengomklami wenza amaphosta e-Kunstgewerbemuseum yaseZurich, yezinhlangano ezisiza abampofu ezahlukahlukene kanye namalogo amaningi we-heraldic.

Umsebenzi wakhe njengomklami ubuye waziswa kakhulu ku-typography kanye ne-graphic design ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Kodwa, uma u-Ernst Keller ebalulekile kokuthile, kungenxa yomsebenzi wakhe njengothisha kanye nethonya elimangalisayo abe nalo kubafundi bakhe abaningi.

Ngo-1918, u-Keller waqala ukufundisa ukuklama nokubhala e-Kunstgewerbeschule (Isikole Sobuciko Esisetshenziswayo) e-Zurich. Waqhubeka lapho kwaze kwaba yilapho ethatha umhlalaphansi ngo-1956, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka efundisa abaklami abasha abathuthukisa isitayela saseSwitzerland phakathi nawo-50. U-Ernst Keller uthathwa njengoyise wesitayela saseSwitzerland, kamuva esaziwa ngokuthi Isitayela Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokubhala.

Lokhu kungenxa yenani elikhulu labafundi baka-Keller kamuva abalolonge futhi baduma lesi sitayela sokuklama. Igalelo lika-Ernst Keller ekuthuthukisweni kwezimiso zokufundisa ezintsha ekuqeqesheni ukuklama lidlala indima ebalulekile. Eqinisweni, wayengumdali wolunye lwezinhlelo zokuqala zokuqeqesha ezihlelekile zokuklama imidwebo emhlabeni.

Iminyaka yakhe eminingi yokufundisa phakathi kuka-1918 no-1956 yaholela kubaklami abahluke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abalingiswa bomklamo omusha wesithombe abafana no-Richard Paul Lohse, u-Josef Müller-Brockmann kanye no-Carlo Vivarelli noma amathalente ahlukahlukene emifanekiso yobuciko efana no-Heiri Steiner, u-Lora Lamm noma u-K. Domenic Geissbühler, nabaklami abasafufusa abafana no-Hermann Eidenbenz noma Gérard Miedinger .

 UMax Bill

Ubengomunye wabaculi abaphelele nabasebenza ngezindlela eziningi esikhathini sethu. Eqashelwa njengengcweti yendawo yonke, wasebenza njengomdwebi wezakhiwo, umdwebi, umqophi, umklami, uthisha kanye nezombusazwe phakathi kwezinye izinto. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe zonke iziyalo ziye zahlanganiswa, kwakungekho ukuhlukana okucacile phakathi kobuciko neminye imisebenzi, yonke into yayiyingxenye yombono ofanayo womhlaba.

Wazalwa ngo-1908 eWinterthur, idolobha labasebenzi eduze kwaseZurich, lapho ayezofunda khona umsebenzi wegolide eSikoleni Sezandla. ngaphambi kokuba aqale izifundo zakhe ngo-1927 eBauhaus, lapho kwakufundiswa khona izibalo zezinga likaVasili Kandinsky, uPaul Klee, uJosef Albers, uLászló Moholy-Nagy noWalter Gropius. UBill uzohlala iminyaka emibili eDessau, lapho afunda khona izimfundiso zesikole, futhi wachaza imigqa ejwayelekile yomsebenzi wakhe.

Isiphetho

Uma usufike lapha, ngithemba ukuthi ufunde kulesi sifinyezo esikubonise sona. Futhi yini enye onayo mayelana nezakhiwo noma ngeminyaka yedijithali?