Iipensile zizixhobo ezilungileyo kakhulu izinto ezininzi kwaye ziluncedo, esivumela ukuba sibhale, sizobe, sicime kwaye senze zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yobugcisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe wasebenzisa ipensile ngaxa lithile ebomini bakho, kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeepensile, nganye kuzo ineempawu zayo nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo? Kweli nqaku siza kucacisa ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeepensile, zihlelwe njani kwaye zenzelwe ntoni.
Okulandelayo siza kukubonisa iintlobo zeepensile ezixhaphakileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo: igraphite, ilahle, imibala kunye ne-inki. Siza kuthetha nangezinye iindidi ezingaxhaphakanga kakhulu kodwa ezinomdla ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezithile okanye zobugcisa. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku kukunceda ukhethe ipensile ilungele lonke ithuba.
Iipensile zeGrafite
iipensile zegraphite Zezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye zezona sizisebenzisayo ukubhala okanye ukuzoba. Ilothe yayo yenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu ezibizwa ngokuba udongwe kunye negrafiti kwaye ine-cap yeplanga ngaphezulu. igraphite kunye nodongwe
Ukuchonga ubunzima beepensile zegraphite, iileta kunye namanani asetyenziswa. Oonobumba ngu-H (kanzima), B (bamnyama) kunye no-F (kakuhle), kwaye amanani abonisa iqondo lobulukhuni ngaphakathi kunobumba ngamnye. Ke, sinezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeepensile zegraphite:
- Iipensile ze-H: Zezona zinzima kwaye zine a umgca olula. Zisetyenziselwa umzobo wobugcisa okanye ukuphawula imigca ecolekileyo nechanekileyo. Ngaphakathi kolu didi kukho amanqanaba amaninzi obunzima: H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H kunye no-9H, kunye no-9H ngowona bunzima kuzo zonke.
- Iipensile B: zezona zithambileyo kunye nezo zine a istroke emnyama. Zisetyenziselwa umzobo wobugcisa okanye ukwenza izithunzi kunye nemiqulu. Kolu didi kukho amaqondo aliqela okuthamba: B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B kunye no-9B, kunye no-9B ngoyena uthambileyo kuzo zonke.
- Iipensile F: Ziphakathi phakathi kwe-H kunye ne-B. Bane-stroke ephakathi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukuzoba. Kukho ibakala elinye kuphela kolu didi: F.
- Iipensile ze-HB: zezona zilungeleleneyo phakathi kobungqwabalala nobumnyama. Banomgca ophakathi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukuzoba. Zezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye zezona sizisebenzisa esikolweni.
iipensile zamalahle
Iipensile zamalahle ziipensile ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa umzobo wobugcisa. Ilothe yayo yenziwe ngamalahle acoliweyo adityaniswe nentlaka okanye umthwebeba. Iipensile zamalahle zine a umgca omnyama kakhulu, ogudileyo kwaye uxubene, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ukukhanya okwenyani kakhulu kunye neziphumo zesithunzi.
iipensile zamalahle zihlelwa ngokokuqina kombala wazo, oxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokucoceka kwamalahle. Ke, sinezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeepensile zamalahle:
- Iipensile ezimhlophe: Zizo ezinombala okhanyayo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukudala ukuchasana okanye ukugqamisa iindawo ezikhanyisiweyo. Zisetyenziswa kwimvelaphi emnyama okanye enemibala.
- iipensile ezingwevu: Ngabo banombala ophakathi phakathi komhlophe nomnyama. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-halftones egudileyo okanye i-gradations.
- Iipensile ezimnyama: Ngabo abanombala omnyama kunye nokuqina ngakumbi. Zisetyenziselwa ukudala izithunzi ezinzulu okanye i-silhouettes eqinile.
Iipensile ezinemibala
Iipensile ezinemibala zi ezinye iipensile ene-wax enemibala okanye i-oil lead, ekuvumela ukuba wenze imizobo ngeetoni ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala. Zinokuxutywa kunye ukuze zifumaneke imibala emitsha, okanye zinokudibaniswa nebrashi okanye ikotoni ukwenza iziphumo ze-watercolor.
Iipensile ezinemibala zihlelwa ngokwe umgangatho kunye nokwakhiwa yeyam. Ke, sinezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeepensile ezinemibala:
- Iipensile zewax: Zezona zinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nezo zinelothe ethambileyo nengqindilili.
- Iipensile zeoyile: Zezona zibiza kakhulu kunye nezo ezinomgodi onzima kunye ocolekileyo.
- Iipensile zeWatercolor: Ziipensile ezikhethekileyo ezinelothe enyibilikayo emanzini.
iipeni zeinki
Iipensile ze-inki ziipensile ezinencam yentsimbi leyo iphuma inki engamanzi. Ezi ziyi-inki ezisetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukuzoba ngomgca ococekileyo, ofanayo kunye nosisigxina. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezo ze-inki zihlelwa ngokwe uhlobo lwencam kunye nodidi lwe-inki. Ngoko ke, sinezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeepeni ze-inki:
- Iipensile ezinencam entle: Zizo zinencam encinci kakhulu, evumela ukuba imigca echanekileyo kunye neneenkcukacha zenziwe. Zisetyenziselwa ukubhala, ukuzoba okanye ukwenza i-calligraphy.
- Iipensile zeengcebiso eziPhakathi: Zizo zinengcebiso ephakathi, evumela ukuba i-stroke ephakathi kunye ne-versatile yenziwe. Zisetyenziselwa ukubhala, ukuzoba okanye ukuzoba.
- Iipensile ezityebileyo: Zizo zinencam ebanzi kakhulu, evumela ukuba kwenziwe imivumbo engqingqwa kwaye ebethayo. Zisetyenziselwa ukubhala, ukuzoba okanye ukwenza iipowusta.
- Iipeni ze-inki ezisisigxina: Ngabo abo bane-inki engacimiyo okanye engacimiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Zisetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukudweba kuyo nayiphi na indawo, njengephepha, ilaphu okanye isinyithi.
- Iipeni ze-inki ezicimayo: Ngabo abane-inki enokucima nge-eraser ekhethekileyo okanye ngamanzi. Zisetyenziselwa ukubhala okanye ukuzoba ephepheni, kwaye zinokulungiswa lula.
Isiphelo
Njengoko ubonile, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeepensile, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziigraphite, amalahle, umbala kunye ne-inki. Nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nezingeloncedo zayo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi ofuna ukuwenza. kufuneka usebenzise enye okanye enye.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kuwe kwaye ufunde yonke into ofuna ukuyazi ngayo iintlobo zeepensile, kwaye unokwahlula nganye nganye kuzo. Ukuba uyithandile, yabelana ngayo nabahlobo bakho kwaye usishiye uluvo ngoluvo lwakho. Enkosi ngokusifunda!