Kubekho amaxesha amaninzi kunye nemisinga yawo yobugcisa eyahlukeneyo kunye neentshukumo zenkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho enye ebalaseleyo kwabanye abayijikelezileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo yifashoni egubungele ixesha iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu.
Inkululeko, ubuchule bokuyila, uvukelo kunye nokwahluka kwaphawula ukuvela kwesitayela sama-60s ngoo-XNUMX. Yayilixesha lokutshintsha kwezentlalo., ezopolitiko nenkcubeko eziye zabonakala kwindlela abantu abanxiba ngayo, abakama, abalungisa ngayo nabahombise ngayo. Ubugcisa bePop, i-rock kunye ne-roll, i-hipism, i-psychedelism, i-cinema, i-TV kunye ne-science fiction zezinye zeentshukumo ezininzi kunye neendlela eziye zabumba isitayile samashumi amathandathu.
Imvelaphi yesimbo samashumi amathandathu
I-United Kingdom, Kulapho isitayile se-XNUMXs saqala khona, sibuyela emva kubaqulunqi abafana UMary Quant, ngubani owazisa i-miniskirt, okanye UJohn Stephen, owazisa isimbo semod kunye neesuti zefom-fitting, iihempe ezinekhola ephezulu, kunye neebhutsi. Amanani anje Twiggy, ii<em>supermodel yokuqala yehlabathi, okanye iiBeatles, eziphawula umculo nefashoni ngezisu zabo zeenwele neesuti.
Isimbo se-XNUMXs sasasazeka kwihlabathi kwaye saqhelaniswa neenkcubeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko. intshukumo ye-hippie, eyayichasene nokuthengwa kwabathengi, iMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye nothando lwamahhala, uxolo kunye nendalo, zasasazeka eUnited States. Iihippie zazinxiba impahla ekhululekileyo, edlamkileyo, ehonjiswe ngeentyatyambo okanye iimpawu zobuhlanga. Ukongeza, basebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeentsimbi zentloko, izacholo, imisesane, kunye neentsimbi zomqala.
EFransi, kwenzeka NgoMeyi 68, ukuvukelwa kolutsha kunye nabasebenzi ababebuza isakhiwo sentlalo ekhoyo kwaye bafuna amalungelo amakhulu kunye nenkululeko. Ifilimu yeNouvelle Vague, eyaphula iindibano ezibalisayo kunye nobuhle be-cinema yakudala, yaba ngumthombo wenkuthazo kubantu abancinci baseFransi. Kulo lwangoku, abadlali kunye nabadlali be-actress babegqoke isitayela sendalo, esilula kunye nenhle.
ESpain, kwakukho ukuphela kolawulo lukaFranco kunye nokuqala kwenguqu eya kwidemokhrasi. LIfashoni yaseSpain yasasazeka kwihlabathi kwaye yachatshazelwa ziintsingiselo zehlabathi. Abanye abayili abanjengoManuel Pertegaz okanye uPaco Rabanne bagqama ngemvelaphi yabo kunye nokuyila. Iimpawu zomculo kunye ne-cinema ezifana neRocío Dúrcal, iMarisol kunye neConcha Velasco nazo zavela.
Iimpawu zesitayile samashumi amathandathu
Isitayile samashumi amathandathu sahlukaniswa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ungasuka ngokulula kwinkangeleko esesikweni ukuya kweyokungacwangciswanga. Izitayile ezahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa ngokuxhomekeke kumzuzu okanye umoya. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zesitayile samashumi amathandathu:
- Sebenzisa imibala edlamkileyo, enomtsalane nechasayo. Injongo yayikukutsalela ingqalelo nokudlulisela ithemba novuyo.
- ukuxhatshazwa kwe iimilo zejometri njengezangqa, izikwere kunye nonxantathu. Baye bakhuthazwa bubugcisa bepop yamagcisa afana noRoy Lichtenstein kunye noAndy Warhol.
- Ukubaluleka koshicilelo, ngakumbi iintyatyambo, i-psychedelic, imigca okanye iprinta yezilwanyana. Injongo yayikukuvelisa imbonakalo emangalisayo kwaye imnandi.
- Nciphisa iziketi kunye neelokhwe: Babefuna ukubonisa ulusu ngakumbi kwaye bacele umngeni kwi-taboos yoluntu. I-miniskirt yaba luphawu lwenkululeko yabasetyhini.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezincedisi kunye nezincedisi njengeendondo zelanga, iminqwazi, izikhafu, amabhanti, iibhegi okanye ubucwebe njengoko ubufuna ukwenza ubuqu kunye nokuphucula inkangeleko.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweenwele ezithandekayo kunye ne-makeup: Babefuna ukubonisa ubuntu baze babalaselise iimpawu zobuso. I-mascara, i-eyeliner, i-eye shadow, i-blush kunye ne-lipstick yayithandwa kakhulu. Izitayela zeenwele zinokuba zithe tye okanye zi-curly, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-bangs, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwevolumu.
Imizekelo yesimbo samashumi amathandathu
Iimpahla ezininzi zangoku kunye nezixhobo eziphefumlelweyo ngeli shumi leminyaka zibonisa isitayela seminyaka engamashumi amathandathu. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Ivest enemigca enithiweyo. Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-60s, kwakuyingubo ethandwa kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukugqithwa ngekhati elimhlophe, i-jeans kunye neebhuthi zokujonga okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuvuna.
- Ilokhwe yebhokisi ehonjiswe ngeentyatyambo. Yingubo ene-cut straight, ngaphandle kwemikhono okanye esinqeni. Inokudibaniswa neembadada ezisicaba okanye izithende ukwenza imbonakalo ye-flirty kunye neyesifazana.
- Iibhulukhwe ezinoshicilelo lwe-psychedelic. Yibhulukhwe evula emilenzeni ngelixa ilungisa esinqeni nasezinqeni. Inokudibaniswa nejacket yesikhumba, i-T-shirt ecacileyo kunye nezibuko zelanga ukudala i-rocker evukelayo.
- Ijumpsuit emfutshane ehonjiswe zizilwanyana. Yingubo eveza iingalo ngelixa igquma i-torso kunye nemilenze ukuya emadolweni. Inokudibaniswa kunye nesikhwama se-wicker, i-hat straw kunye ne-sneakers ukudala imbonakalo emnandi kunye nehlobo.
Iimpembelelo kwamanye amacandelo
Kwintsimi ye-cinema Imiboniso bhanyabhanya yeminyaka engamashumi amathandathu yagqama ngokuyila kwayo, umthambo wokulinga kunye nokwahluka. Iintlobo ezintsha, iifomathi kunye neendlela ze-cinematographic zivele. Kwaxoxwa ngemiba ekhoyo, yezopolitiko nezentlalo. Izithethe zacelwa umngeni kwaye imiqobo yaphulwa. Iifilimu ezibalaseleyo ze-cinema ye-sixties ziquka 2001: Isithuba Odyssey, UBonnie noClyde, uMkhweli onesidanga kunye noLula.
Umculo wamashumi amathandathu wawuyila, ezahlukeneyo kunye nenguqu. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomculo zadityaniswa, ezifana nerock, pop, folk, soul kunye nefunk. Kwazanywa izixhobo ezitsha, izandi kunye neziphumo. Iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno zabonakaliswa. UBob Dylan, i-Rolling Stones, iDoors kunye noJimi Hendrix Ngamanye awona magcisa abalaseleyo kumculo wamashumi amathandathu.
Ubugcisa beminyaka engamashumi amathandathu yayiyi-avant-garde, ivuselela inkanuko kwaye iyadlala. Kwasetyenziswa izixhobo ezintsha, ubuchule kunye nemidiya yobugcisa. Ingqikelelo yombukeli, umbhali kunye nobugcisa yabuzwa. Kwafunwa intsebenziswano, uthatho-nxaxheba nonxibelelwano. Ubugcisa bePop, ubuncinci, ubugcisa bokucinga kunye nobugcisa bokubona zezinye zeendlela zobugcisa zeminyaka yamashumi amathandathu.
Ekugqibeleni, Uncwadi lwamashumi amathandathu lwalubalulekile, luzibophelele kwaye lulingelo. Amabali amatsha, isimbo, kunye neendlela zolwimi ziye zaphononongwa. Inkxalabo yezentlalo, inkcubeko kunye nembali yelo xesha yabonakaliswa. Imibuzo yefilosofi, yokuziphatha kunye nobuhle yavela. UGabriel Garcia Marquez, uJulio Cortazar, uKen Kesey, kunye noTruman Capote Bangabanye bababhali abagqwesileyo boncwadi lwamashumi amathandathu.
Isimbo sembali
Ishumi leminyaka ye-60 yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX yayilixesha leenguqu kunye neenguqu ezibonakaliswe ngesitayela se-XNUMX. Yayisisimbo eso yaphula imithetho nemigaqo kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwaye wafuna inkululeko, ubuchule, uvukelo kunye nokwahluka.
Njengoko ubona, kwavela ukuba sisitayela seta ifashoni, kunye nezinye izibonakaliso zenkcubeko ezifana ne-cinema, umculo, ubugcisa okanye uncwadi, oluphawulwe ngokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukulinga kunye nokwahluka. Ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kunye namathuba okuzibonakalisa kunye nokunxibelelana, isitayile se-XNUMXs sihlala sithandwa kwaye sinokuhlengahlengiswa kwizinto ezithandwayo kunye neemfuno zanamhlanje. Isimbo samashumi amathandathu yayiyinguqu yenkcubeko kunye nefashoni ishiye impembelelo ehlala ihleli kwimbali.