El Ixesha langoku, intshukumo eyaphembelela imisinga emininzi ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, sele siyibonile eminye apha, njenge Bauhaus okanye iKamva, kodwa zonke ezi zezomlambo omkhulu oquka iinkalo ezininzi zobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko.
Ukuchwetheza kunembali ende ukusuka ekubhaleni. Ukuchwetheza kuye kwavela kwaye kuye kwaba njalo ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke iinkulungwane ngenxa yeemfuno, incasa kunye nentsingiselo yexesha kunye nendawo nganye. Namhlanje, kukho inani elikhulu leendlela zokuchwetheza ezinokuhlelwa ngokusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nefom okanye umsebenzi wazo. Ngesi sihlandlo siza kujonga utata woonobumba benkulungwane yama-XNUMX, lkuchwethezo lwangoku.
Yintoni intshukumo yanamhlanje
Intshukumo yanamhlanje yayiyinkqubo yobugcisa nenkcubeko eyaphuhliswa eYurophu naseUnited States phakathi ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba y phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX. I-Modernism yayisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ubugcisa bufanele bubonise utshintsho lwezentlalo, lwezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe bexesha kwaye kufuneka liphule kunye nezithethe kunye nezithethe ezimiselweyo.
Iinkalo ezininzi (ubugcisa bokwakha, ukupeyinta, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, uncwadi, umculo, kunye nokuyilwa kwemizobo) zaphenjelelwa yimeko yanamhlanje. Ezinye zeemfundiso ezisisiseko zemodernism ziquka:
- ulinge ngezinto kunye neendlela ezintsha.
- Ukwenza lula kunye nokwenza lula yeziqalelo.
- ukusebenza kunye luncedo malunga nenkangeleko.
- Ukubonakaliswa kobunye kunye nobuchule.
- Impembelelo ye-avant-garde ubugcisa njenge cubism, futurism, expressionism kunye surrealism.
Yenzeka njani indlela yokuchwetheza yale mihla?
ukuchwetheza kwangoku weza njengempendulo kwiinguqulelo zezentlalo nezenkcubeko ezenzeke ebudeni benkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Abaqulunqi bohlobo bafuna ukwenza ulwimi olubonakalayo oluhambelana ne-zeitgeist, olukwazi ukunxibelelana nemibono enzima, kunye nokulungelelaniswa nemithombo yeendaba emitsha efana icinema, unomathotholo okanye iibhodi zezaziso.
Abadlali bezobugcisa, eyaphula iindlela zemveli yaza yafuna iindlela ezintsha zokuthetha, yaba yimpembelelo yochwethezo lwale mihla. Ukongezelela, waphefumlelwa ngeethiyori zemathematika nezenzululwazi ezazifunda imithetho yokwakheka kunye neempawu zeemilo zejometri. Ngoko ke, iimilo ezilula, eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezilingeneyo njengesangqa, isikwere okanye unxantathu zamkelwe yi-modernism typography.
Ukuchwetheza kwanamhlanje kwakusekwe kumgaqo wokuba uhlobo kufuneka lulandele umsebenzi, oko kukuthi, olo yilo kufuneka inike umxholo endaweni yenye indlela. Ngoko ke, uchwethezo lwale mihla lususe izinto ezingeyomfuneko okanye zokuhombisa ezinokuphazamisa okanye zibhide umfundi. Ukuphucula ukufundeka nokucaca, kwakhona wafuna ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kwesicatshulwa kunye nendawo emhlophe.
Ukongeza, i-modernist typography yatshintshwa ukuze ifumaneke ezintsha zeteknoloji ekushicileleni nasekuveliseni imizobo. Ukuchwetheza kwanamhlanje kwasebenzisa ubuchule obutsha obunjengephototypesetting, ukushicilela ngeoffset, nokushicilela ngedijithali, nto leyo eyenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza uhlobo oluchane ngakumbi, olwahlukahlukeneyo nolwezoqoqosho. Ukuchwetheza kwangoku ivavanye okunokwenzeka kwezi nkxaso zitsha njengephepha, iplastiki okanye isikrini, esibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana kunye nonxibelelwano.
Iimpawu zokuchwetheza zale mihla
Ukuchwetheza kwanamhlanje kwahlulwa kwezinye izimbo ngothotho lweempawu. Ezinye zezi mpawu zezi:
- iintlobo ze-sans serif okanye ngaphandle kokugqibela kufuneka kusetyenziswe. Imivimbo emincinci ephelisa izibonda okanye iingalo zeeleta zaziwa ngokuba zigqityiweyo. Ukwenza isicoci, inkangeleko efanayo ngakumbi, ii-sans serif typefaces zisusa ezi serif.
- Ukusebenzisa Iindidi ezakhiweyo okanye zeJometri. Iintlobo zejometri zisekelwe kwiimilo ezilula ezifana nezangqa, izikwere, okanye oonxantathu. Iintlobo zochwethezo ezenziweyo zenziwe ngeemodyuli okanye iiyunithi ezisisiseko ezidityanisiweyo ukwenza oonobumba.
- Ukusebenzisa Iintlobo zeMonochrome okanye zeMonochrome. Uhlobo lwe-Monochrome lusebenzisa umbala omnye, ngokuqhelekileyo omnyama okanye omhlophe, kuwo wonke umbhalo. Ukudala ukuvumelana okanye ukuchasana, iintlobo ezinemibala enqabileyo zisebenzisa uluhlu oluncinci lwemibala ephambili okanye eyongezelelweyo.
- Ukusebenzisa iindidi eziguquguqukayo okanye zeemodyuli. Iimodyuli zokuchwetheza zinezinto ezitshintshayo ezivumela ukuyilwa kwezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinobumba omnye. Kuxhomekeka kumxholo okanye phakathi, iindidi eziguquguqukayo zithatha ubukhulu obahlukeneyo, ubunzima, okanye ububanzi.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo eziguqukayo okanye ezilinganayo. Iintlobo ze-asymmetric zivelisa umphumo wokunyakaza okanye ukuxhatshazwa, ukuphulwa kwe-symmetry kunye nokuqhelekileyo kweefom zendabuko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha/indawo, iindidi eziguquguqukayo zitshintsha imilo okanye indawo.
Imizekelo yochwethezo lwale mihla
IBauhaus, isikolo sobugcisa nokuyila esasekwa eJamani ngowe-1919, saba nempembelelo enkulu ekwandeni kwenkqubo yesimanjemanje. Ukusebenzisa iintlobo zejometri, i-monochrome kunye nemodyuli kwi-typography ye-Bauhaus ifanekisela ukulandelelana, ingqiqo kunye nendalo yonke.
Usapho lwefonti I-Futura Yenziwe nguPaul Renner ngo-1927 kwaye iphefumlelwe imilo yejometri kunye nokulula. ILa Futura yenye yezona ntlobo zochwethezo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX kumhleli, kuyilo lweshishini kunye nolwentengiso.
Usapho lwefonti IHelvetica yadalwa ngo-1957 nguMax Miedinger kunye no-Eduard Hoffmann kwaye isekelwe kwimigaqo yokucaca, ukungathathi hlangothi kunye nokusebenza. I-Helvetica yenye yezona zinto zaziwa kakhulu kwaye zikwazi ukuguqulela kwiintlobo zokubhala kwihlabathi, kwaye inokufumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-mediums kunye neenkxaso.
Adrian Frutiger wadala usapho lweUniversal typeface ngowe-1957 kwaye iphawulwe ngenkqubo yayo yokuhlela amanani. I-University ine-21 eyahlukeneyo eyahlula ubunzima bayo, ububanzi kunye nesikhundla, evumela ukuba uluhlu olubanzi lwendibaniselwano kunye ne-hierarchies zenziwe.
Umkhondo wesimanjemanje
Uyilo lwegraphic luxhomekeke kwi-typography, esivumela ukuba sidlulisele imiyalezo yethu ngokubonakalayo nangempumelelo. Ukuchwetheza kusinika uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho zokubonisa injongo yethu, ubuntu kunye nesimbo. Ukuchwetheza kusivumela ukuba senze umxholo onjalo iyaqondakala, inomtsalane kwaye iyachukumisa.
Sincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda amanqaku ethu malunga nokuchwetheza kunye neenkalo zayo ezahlukeneyo, ezidityaniswe ngasentla. Ukongeza, unokujonga ikhathalogu yethu yolunye uhlobo lokubhala. Ngoku lixesha lokuba uqale ukuhlola! Ihlabathi lokuchwetheza!